Changes

}}</ref> The [[circumcision industry]] offers promotes [[circumcision of the newborn]] to the public because of the [[financial incentive]] to the doctor and to the maternity hospital.

It reflects the fascination that emerges from the ability to create new life. In most cultures, fertility is seen as the most precious good, and the body parts involved frequently find themselves in the focus of ritual acts. In many parts of the world, those rites take place when the boy reaches [[puberty]], and are meant to symbolize his transition from boy to man. The removal of the male [[foreskin]] is just one of many phenomena that developed in this context. They range from the removal of the frenulum in boys and men through partial or complete removal of the [[foreskin]] up to radical operations. Australian [[Aborigines]], as mentioned above, have their [[foreskin]]s removed. It is also usual that, a few weeks later, young men have their [[penis]]es sliced open in a [[subincision]], resulting in a partly or completely divided [[urethra]].

Another known, particularly massive, intervention is the stripping of the entire [[skin]] off the [[penis]]. In Indonesia, boys have metal or bamboo balls inserted into their [[penis]] shaft or [[Glans penis|glans]] at the beginning of [[puberty]], which form little "humps".

}}</ref> Post-operative pain and the pain the child must endure during recovery is hardly, if ever, addressed by professionals.<ref>The use of sweets reduces crying because the infant boy cannot cry and suck at the same time. It does not reduce the [[pain ]] experienced.</ref> [[Circumcised]] boys will be very uncomfortable and fussy when compared with [[intact]] boys and girls.<ref>{{REFweb

|accessdate=2025-0310-1802

[[Intact America]] Yang et al. (20242025) argues that public opinion regarding non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of children is approaching or at report a "tipping pointsignificant" at which [[intact]] genitals would be preferred decline in the incidence of circumcision over the a ten-year period and that only a minority of American boys are being [[circumcised]] varietyin the newborn period.<refname="yang2025">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/public-opinion-on-circumcision/ |title=Public Opinion on Circumcision: Can Intactivists Hit A Tipping Point?REFjournal |last=AnonymousYang

|init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-03-23 |accessdate=2024-04-09}}</ref> It is now likely that America has already passed the "tipping point". ==Financial and other costs==Infant male circumcision is an extra-cost option after birth. There are no medical indications for it. It is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, non-beneficial irreversible amputation of a functional body part, so medical insurance may or may not pay for it. There are several financial costs associated with infant circumcision. There is a hospital fee, a set-up fee, pharmaceutical fees, a separate fee for the medical doctor who performs the amputation, and various possible additional costs for the treatment of complications.<ref name="garrett2023-12-21">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/economics-of-circumcision/ |title=The Economics of Circumcision: A Full Breakdown of This Penis Business |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init=P |author-link=Connor Judson Garrett |publisherlast2=Intact AmericaZhu |datefirst2=2023-12-21 |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> Bollinger estimated the total cost of [[circumcision]] in 2012 for Americans, when all costs are included, to be $3.6 billion annually.<ref>{{REFweb |urlinit2=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_AnnuallyX |title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually |last=Bollinger |first=Dan |authorauthor2-link=Dan Bollinger |publisherlast3=AcademiaPatel |websitefirst3=https://www.academia.edu |dateinit3=2012EU |accessdate=2024author3-06-21 |format= |quote=As the saying goes, follow the money. Now you know why neither the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]], American Medical Association, [[American Academy of Family Physicians]], or the [[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] haven’t condemned this unnecessary surgery, and why their physician members are quick to recommend the procedure to expectant parents.}}</ref> He has since updated his estimate of total annual cost in 2020 to be $5,685,000,000 or nearly six billion dollars per year.<ref>{{REFbook |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |year=2024 |title=Skin in the Game |url= |scope= |location= |pagelink=28 |publisherlast4=Intact AmericaQuin |ISBNfirst4= |quoteinit4=PC |accessdate=2024-08-28 }}</ref> There also are additional non-financial costs, which include sexual and sensory losses that adversely impact on the sexual experience in adult life, and psychological losses such as [[PTSD]], and grieving of losses. ==The advantages and benefits of avoiding circumcision==* Your newborn son will not be cruelly strapped to a [[circumstraint]].* Your newborn son will not suffer the extreme [[pain]] of circumcision.* Your newborn son will not suffer the physical and psychic [[trauma]]* of circumcision.* Your newborn son will not be exposed to the surgical risks of [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and [[complication]] of non-therapeutic circumcision.* Your newborn son will not have an open wound requiring care and subject to [[infection]] on his [[penis]].* Your newborn son will not suffer the weeks of [[Pain#Post-surgical_pain| post-surgical pain]].* Your newborn son will not have his [[Pain#Injury_to_the_infant_nervous_system| nervous system permanently injured]] by the extreme pain of circumcision.* Your newborn son's [[foreskinned]] [[penis]] will be [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin| protected]] and need no special care at home.* Your newborn son will be more able to start [[breastfeeding]] due to the lack of [[trauma]], and enjoy the increased [[Immunological protection of breastfeeding| immunological protection]].* Your newborn son may leave hospital earlier due to avoidance of an expensive, harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="mansfield1995">{{REFjournal |last=Mansfield |first= |init=CJ |authorauthor4-link= |last2last5=HuestonGrabowski |first2first5= |init2init5=WJMK |author2author5-link= |last3last6=RudyTobian |first3first6= |init3init6=MAAR |author3author6-link=Aaron Tobian

|title=Neonatal circumcision: associated factors and length of hospital stay Trends in Circumcision Among Newborn Males in the US

|journal=J Fam PractJAMA Pediatrics

|date=19952025-10-02 |season= |volume=41 |issue=4 |article=e252464 |page= |pages=370-6 |url=https://www.cirpjamanetwork.orgcom/libraryjournals/procedurejamapediatrics/mansfieldfullarticle/2838312

|pubmedID=756171140952753 |pubmedCID=12439174 |DOI=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.2464 |accessdate=2025-09-17}}</ref> Although the incidence of [[circumcision of the newborn]] has been gradually declining for decades, this is the first study to report an overall incidence of less than fifty percent. Based on this new information, we can now report that [[intactness]] is now the NORM among the newborn boys of America.  We note that [[Australia]] reported a significant improvement in child health when the incidence of circumcision declined in that nation.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children-in-brief/summary |title=Australia’s children: in brief |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |pubmedID= ISBN=978-1-76054-659-5 |DOI=10.25816/5e152818d082c |date=2019-12-17 |accessdate=2025-0309-1417

* [[Adolescent Fusions and adult circumcisionadhesions]]* [[Bodily harm]]* [[Breastfeeding]]* [[Case Histories]]* [[Circumcision bullet-points for parents]]* [[Circumcision instruments]]* [[Circumcision of the newborn]]* [[Circumcision maps]]* [[Circumcision methods]]* [[Circumcision scar]]* [[Circumcision video library]]* [[Circumpendium]]* [[Circumstraint]]* [[Documented severe complications of circumcision]]* [[Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision]]* [[Exsanguination]]* [[FGM]]* [[Foreskin restoration information for circumcised teens]]* [[History of circumcision]]* [[Human rights]]* [[Islamic circumcision]]* [[Lymphoedema]]* [[MGM]]* [[Pain]]* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]* [[Rights situation on circumcision]]* [[Risks and complications]]* [[Ritual circumcision]]* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]* [[Sudden Infant Death Syndrome]] (SIDS)* [[Surrogate_consent]]* [[The Accidental Intactivist Manifesto: Exposing the Monster We Agree Not to See – A Lifetime Reckoning]]* [[TraumaNeurotomy]]

|url=https://www.cirpreddit.orgcom/libraryr/anatomyNewBorn/garcia/ |title=What exactly is circumcision and what is it not? |last=Garcia |first=Francisco |date=1995-12-11 |accessdate=2020-09-08}}* {{REFjournal |last=Fleiss |first=Paul |init=P |author-link=Paul M. Fleiss |title=The foreskin is necessary |journal=Mothering |date=1997-01 |volume= |issue= |pages=36-45 |url=http://www.noharmm.org/mothering.htm |accessdate=2020-06-29}}*{{REFweb |url=https:comments/u9c5og/15square.org.uk/losses-from-circumcisionquestions_for_baby_boi_do_you_circumcised_your/ |title=Losses from Circumcision |last=Ball |first=Peter |publisher=15 Square |date=2003-08-09 |accessdate=2023-02-23}}* {{REFweb |url=http://members.tranquility.net/~rwinkel/MGM/primer.html |title=Male Circumcision in the USA: A Human Rights Primer |last=Winkel |first=Rich |author-link=Rich Winkel |date=2005-05-12 |accessdate=2021-01-27}}* {{REFnews |title=Circumcision circumspection: Weigh the facts before making the call |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-01-09_chicagotribune.php |last=Peres |first=Judy |init= |author-link= |publisher=Chicago Tribune |website= |date=2007-01-09 |accessdate=2014-07-28 |format= |quote=Ethan, a Chicagoan who asked that his last name not be used, said he and his wife decided not to circumcise their two sons, now ages 5 and 1. "We didn't think Questions for baby boi do you circumcised your baby or leave it was a good idea to impose an operation on a baby that was not medically necessary," he said.}}* {{REFnews |title=Circumcision losing favor with U.S. parents |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-06-21_SFChronicle.php |last=Guthmann |first=Edward |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |website= |date=2007-06-21 |accessdate=2024-07-28 |format= |quote=According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the circumcision rate in the United States dropped to 55.9 percent in 2003 — an all-time postwar low.}}* {{REFnews |title=In Last Four Decades, Circumcision Has Lost Popularity in United States |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-07-08_theledger.php |last=White |first=Garry |author-link= |publisher=Lakeland Ledger |website= |date=2007-07-08 |accessdate=2024-07-28 |quote=Opponents of circumcision say the procedure is doubly harmful, inflicting pain at the time of surgery and reducing sexual pleasure later through the removal of the nerve-rich foreskin.}}* {{REFnews |title=Making the Cut |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-11-02_time.php |last=Lee-St. John |first=Jeninne |init= |author-link= |publisher=Time Magazine |website= |date=2007-11-02 |accessdate=2024-07-28 |format= |quote=But [[intactivism]] is also gaining traction among educated, middle-class whites. As University of Virginia sociologist Brad Wilcox observes, "It's these new parents that are unwilling to let kids suffer."}}* {{REFnews |title=Parents reconsider routine circumcision |url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-11-30_theenquirer.php |last=Facciolo |first=Christine |init= |author-link= |publisher=Cincinnati Enquirer |date=2007-11-30 |season= |accessdate= |format= |quote=But foes of removing the penis foreskin argue that the procedure provides minimal benefits, causes extreme pain and produces long-term psychological and sexual trauma.}}* {{REFdocument |title=Genital Integrity Policy Statement |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2008_Genital_Integrity_Policy_Statement.pdf |contribution= |last=Hill |first=George |author-link=George Hill |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |format=PDF |date=2008-06 |accessdate=2024-11-03}}* {{REFjournal |last=Testa |first=Patrick |init= |author-link= |last2=Block |first2=Walter E. |init2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Libertarianism and circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=Int J Health Poiicy Manag |location= |date=2014-05-26 |volume=3 |issue= |article= |page= |pages=33-40 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7587653/Libertarianism_and_Circumcision?email_work_card=view-paper |pubmedID=24987720 |pubmedCID=4075101 |DOI=10.15171/ijhpm.2014.51 |accessdate=}} * {{REFweb |url=https://intaction.org/what-is-circumcision/ |title=What is circumcision? |last=Simone |first=Judy |author-link= |publisher=Intaction |website=https://intaction.org/ |date=2020-07-26 |accessdate=2020-10-04 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WS4pmFCoHkq3UloORfSWi4VgnM11m_5-/edit |title=Unwarranted Presumption |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |publisher=Google |date=2022-12-10 |accessdate=2025-02-20}}* {{REFjournal |last=Deacon |first= |init=M |author-link= |last2=Muir |first2= |init2=G |author2-link= |etal=no |title=What is the medical evidence on non-therapeutic child circumcision? |trans-title= |language= |journal= Int J Impot Res |location= |date=2022-01-08 |volume= |issue= |article= |page= |pages= |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00502-y |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=34997197 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1038/s41443-021-00502-y |accessdate=2023-04-30}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/pros-and-cons-of-circumcision/ |title=Pros and Cons of Circumcision (Spoiler: You’ve Been Lied to) |last=Garrett |first= |init=CJ |publisher=Intact America |date=2023-11-10 |accessdate=2024-03-22}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/groups-who-pressure-you-to-circumcise/ |title=The 4 Authority Figures and Groups Who Will Pressure You to Circumcise (and What You Can Do) |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-01-24 |accessdate=2024-01-27}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/keeping-your-sons-penis-intact/ |title=Keeping Your Son’s Penis Intact: A Guide for Parents |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-01-24 |accessdate=2024-01-29}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/ |title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-02-02 |accessdate=2024-02-09}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-anger-and-resentment/ |title=The Circumcision Decision: Unpackaging Anger and Resentment |last=Garner |first=Bryan |init= |author-link= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-08-26 |accessdate=2024-09-05}}* {{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-a-barbaric-practice-with-consequences/ |title=Circumcision: A Barbaric Practice with Consequences No One Talks About |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |author-link=Connor Judson Garrett |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-08-28 |accessdate=2024-10-15}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/user/C4Charkey/comments/1jum85t/the_accidental_intactivist_manifesto_i/ |title=Section I. Introduction: The Price of Admission – Waking from the American Dream |last=C4Charkey |first= |init= |author-link=C4Charkey

|date=2025-04-082021 |accessdate=2025-0411-1322

|url=https://intactamericawww.orgreddit.com/circumcision-vs-eyelid-removalr/ |title=Imagine Cutting Off Your Baby’s Eyelids to Prevent Pink Eye |last=Alissa |first= |init=K |author-link=Kristel Alissa |publisher=Intact America |date=2025-05-21 |accessdate=2025-05-22}}* {{REFweb |url=https:self/comments/ljwpfe/archive.mdwhy_i_hate_being_circumcised/Au7cV#selection-98.0-707.8 |title=Unjustifiable reason 1: Parents are clueless about the functions of the foreskinWhy I hate being circumcised

|publisher=REDDIT Intactivism |date=2025-06-172020 |accessdate=2025-0611-2401

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