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===Condemnation=of child circumcision==[[Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani| Cepeda-Emiliani ]] et al. {2025) stated:
o to medical therapy, then the amount of tissue should be limited so as to
→Tipping point
"Male '''circumcision''' (from Latin ''circumcidere'', meaning "to cut around") is the surgical removal or [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] (prepuce), a major part of the human [[penis]]. Circumcision amputates ''more than fifty percent'' of the epithelium of the [[penis]].<ref name="taylor1996">{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref> When the "cutting around" is performed, the foreskin falls off, so [[amputation]] and [[mutilation]] is the result, leaving the delicate and sensitive mucosa of the [[glans penis]] exposed and unprotected against [[trauma]] and [[infection]]. The amputation destroys the [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| many protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory physiological functions]] of the foreskin, so it is a very harmful and [[Pain| painful]] surgery.<ref name="garrett2023-11-10">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/pros-and-cons-of-circumcision/
}}</ref>
<blockquote>
Our results reinforce the relevance of [https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/cold-taylor/ Cold and Taylor’s 11 1999 conclu-sions conclusions] (p. 42), which now seem more pertinent than ever: “The prepuce
is a specialized, specific erogenous tissue in both males and females.
Therefore, surgical excision should be restricted to lesions that are
unresponsive to medical therapy. . . Preputial plasty should be consid-ered considered in place of circumcision whenever possible, so as to preserve
the corpuscular sensory receptors, dartos muscle, penile mucosa and
complete function of the penis. . . Although a Fourcroy grade 1 female
circumcision would excise less tissue than in a male, this compari-son comparison cannot be used to justify female circumcision. Excision of normal,
erogenous genital tissue from healthy male or female children cannot
be condoned, as the histology confirms that the external genitalia are
informed decision. If external genital tissue must be excised to combat
a disease process that threatens the child’s health, and is unresponsive
preserve the anatomy and function of the external genitalia.”<ref name="cepeda2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Cepeda-Emiliani
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
|last2=Otero-Alén
|first2=
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
==History==
Circumcision was popularized in English-speaking nations in the nineteenth century. The practice of non-therapeutic circumcision of boys now has greatly declined in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It has been gradually declining since 1980 in the [[United States]]. It has ''never'' been a popular practice in other western nations. Circumcision of boys is not done in the Russian Federation, Latin America, or [[China]]. In [[India]] only the minority Muslim population does circumcision of children. In Europe it is only done for religious reasons by Muslims and Jews.
Reasons for performing circumcision range widely by culture, religion, location, and age.
-->
===Cultural===
}}</ref>
== Tipping point ==
[[Intact America]] (2024) points out the need for reform in the American media false portrayal of infant circumcision as a benign procedure.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/truth-about-circumcision-media/
|first6Emilie K.
|init6=
|author6-link= |etal=no |title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016 |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Urol |location= |date=2021-01 |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=257-63 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |pubmedID=32716676 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |accessdate=2025-10-02}}</ref> Yang et al. (2025) report a"significant" decline in the incidence of circumcision over a ten-year period and that only a minority of American boys are being [[circumcised]] in the newborn period. <ref name="yang2025">{{REFjournal |last=Yang |first= |init=P |author-link= |last2=Zhu |first2= |init2=X |author2-link= |last3=Patel |first3= |init3=EU |author3-link= |last4=Quin |first4= |init4=PC |author4-link= |last5=Grabowski |first5= |init5=MK |author5-link= |last6=Tobian |first6= |init6=AAR |author6-link=Aaron Tobian |etal=no |title=Trends in Circumcision Among Newborn Males in the US |trans-title= |language= |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |location= |date=2025-10-02 |season= |volume= |issue= |article=e252464 |page= |pages= |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2838312 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=40952753 |pubmedCID=12439174 |DOI=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.2464 |accessdate=2025-09-17}}</ref> Although the incidence of [[circumcision of the newborn]] has been gradually declining for decades, this is the first study to report an overall incidence of less than fifty percent. Based on this new information, we can now report that [[intactness]] is now the NORM among the newborn boys of America. We note that [[Australia]] reported a significant improvement in child health when the incidence of circumcision declined in that nation.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children-in-brief/summary |title=Australia’s children: in brief |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |pubmedID= ISBN=978-1-76054-659-5 |DOI=10.25816/5e152818d082c |date=2019-12-17 |accessdate=2025-09-17}}</ref>{{SEEALSO}}* [[Fusions and adhesions]]* [[Neurotomy]]{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/NewBorn/comments/u9c5og/questions_for_baby_boi_do_you_circumcised_your/ |title=Questions for baby boi do you circumcised your baby or leave it? |last=Anonymous |publisher=REDDIT |date=2021 |accessdate=2025-11-22}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/self/comments/ljwpfe/why_i_hate_being_circumcised/ |title=Why I hate being circumcised |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=REDDIT |date=2020 |accessdate=2025-11-01}}{{REF}} [[Category:Body modification]][[Category:Circumcision]][[Category:Education]][[Category:Foreskin anatomy]][[Category:Parental information]]