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→Tuli: Add link in SEEALSO Section.
|accessdate=2023-08-31
|note=
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</blockquote>
==Considerations before consent is granted==
[[Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani| Cepeda-Emiliani]] et al. (2025) have provided this warning to men who are considering an adult circumcision.
<blockquote>
Regarding adult circumcision, the current knowledge of preputial
and penile neuroanatomy and structure underscores the importance
of meticulous patient selection for this procedure. Specifically, when
adult circumcision is to be performed, factors such as the position of
the [[circumcision scar]] line, the amount of inner prepuce retained, the
tightness of the remaining penile skin, and whether a frenulectomy
is performed should be carefully discussed and agreed upon by both
the patient and the surgeon, with all decisions clearly documented in
the [[informed consent]]. Recent survey findings underscore this need
for dialogue: Callegari et al. showed that preferences regarding the
amount of inner preputial remnant retained after circumcision vary
considerably among individuals, reinforcing the importance of engaging patients in personalized discussions to align surgical decisions with their expectations.<ref name="cepeda2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Cepeda-Emiliani
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
|last2=Otero-Alén
|first2=
|init2=M
|author2-link=
|last3=Suárez-Quintanilla
|first3=
|init3=J
|author3-link=
|last4=Gándara-Cortés
|first4=
|init4=M
|author4-link=
|last5=García-Caballero
|first5=
|init5=T
|author5-link=
|last6=García-Caballero
|first6=
|init6=R
|author6-link=
|last7=García-Caballero
|first7=
|init7=L
|author7-link=
|etal=no
|title=The sensory penis: A comprehensive immunohistological and ontogenetic exploration of human penile innervation
|trans-title=
|journal=Andrology
|date=2025-09-19
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|pages=1-41
|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/andr.70118
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=40970806
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/andr.70118
|accessdate=2025-09-29
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
[[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision| Urologic surgeons]] in the [[United States]] derive a substantial fee from the performance of a [[circumcision]], so some may have a [[bias]] in favor of circumcision and may inappropriately recommend adult circumcision to patients when a conservative treatment would be satisfactory or even when no treatment is necessary. Patients should be wary and do their own research before granting consent for an <u>irreversible</u> [[circumcision]].
[[Marilyn Fayre Milos | Milos]] (2022) advises:
<blockquote>
* A penis without a foreskin doesn’t work as nature intended for its owner or his sexual partner.
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
Performance of unneccesary circumcision simply to earn a surgical fee is [[Ethics_of_non-therapeutic_child_circumcision#Patient_exploitation| unethical patient exploitation]].
==Reasons for circumcision==
===A word to intact teens===
Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] that is non-retractable for reasons of protectionagainst [[trauma]] and [[infection]]. The inner surface is fused with the [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the foreskin is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the foreskin and the foreskin gets wider as a boy ages, so the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction of the foreskin| retractable]]. Some boys go through [[puberty ]] but find that their [[foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retraction.
Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who masturbate by pulling their [[foreskin]] away from the body, will not stretch the tight part of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin will persist. He advised changing the method of [[masturbation]] to the more conventional method of pulling the foreskin toward the body so that the narrow orifice gets stretched.<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal
[[Masturbation]] after circumcision may be painful if one doesn’t use lubrication because of lack of [[gliding action]].
==Recovery period==
Recovery from an adult circumcision is frequently said to be six weeks. Recovery does not include restoration of permanently lost functions.
===Complications===
Erections tend to be painful and may cause [[wound dehiscence]].<ref name="wang2023">{{REFjournal
# Circumcision causes both physical and psychic [[trauma]].
# Circumcision severs blood vessels and disrupts blood circulation in the [[penis]]. This frequently causes [[lymphoedema]] and [[erection]] difficulties.
# Circumcision invariably excises the [[ridged band]], resulting in partial loss of sensation.
# Circumcision is a surgical [[amputation]] of functional tissue. The various [https://foreskinfunction.org/ functions] cease to operate. If the patient does not like the results, it cannot be reversed or undone.
# Recovery from adolescent or adult circumcision is slow and painful. [[Erection]]s are painful because the [[skin]] is stretched and the sutures are stressed. [[Wound dehiscence]] may occur.
# The exposed [[glans penis]] will protect itself from friction by developing a layer of [[keratin]] and become cracked and hardened. The [[keratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will reduce its sensitivity.
# There are possible [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| emotional issues]] secondary to a partial loss of the [[penis]] through circumcision.
# The shaft of the penis becomes narrrower because of the loss of a double layer of skin
==Financial considerations==
Medical insurance policies vary with the provider of insurance. Most will pay for circumcision only if it is done to treat a medical condition. When circumcision is carried out for cosmetic reasons or personal desire, it is very unlikely that medical insurance would pay. The cost of an adult circumcision would include a facility fee, a surgeon's fee, an anesthesiologist's fee, and pre-operative and post-operative care. Garrett (2024) says the cost may range from $1,650 to $6,450.<ref name="garrett2024-03-07">{{REFweb
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision: Effect upon erectile function]]
* [[Circumcision methods]]
* [[Circumcision scar]]
* [[Frenectomy]]
* [[Frenuloplasty]]
* [[Fusions and adhesions]]
* [[Ischemia of the glans penis]]
* [[Issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision]]* [[Neurotomy]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Phimosis]]
[[Category:Male genital mutilation]]
[[Category:Penile surgery]]
[[Category:Penis]]
[[Category:Teen]]
[[de:Jugendlichen- und Erwachsenenbeschneidung]]