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{{Construction Site}}The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is owned and operated by the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] ([[AAP]]), a [[medical trade association]], and is used to promote the business and income of its claimed 67,000 pediatrician members. There is an inherent conflict-of-interest between the physician's desire for income and the child's need to avoid unnecessary treatment.<ref name="abraham2005">{{REFweb |url=https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/op-ed-american-academy-of-pediatrics-has-lost-its-way/ |title=Op-Ed: American Academy of Pediatrics Has Lost Its Way |last=Abraham |first= |init=RL |author-link=Ralph Abraham |publisher=Children's Health Defense |date=2025-09-04 |accessdate=2025-09-08}}</ref> The website is published in both English and Spanish versions.
Remove Construction Site template.
==Circumcision information==
The AAP does not inform parents on the limitation of surrogates to grant consent for non-therapeutic procedures.
===Surrogate consent===
Autonomy is a major factor in medical ethics. There , so there are ethical limitations on the surrogate.<ref name="bioethics1995">{{REFjournal
|last=Kohrman
|first=
|doi=
|accessdate=2025-09-23
}}</ref> Surrogates are expected to respect the autonomy of the patient to the maximum extent possible, consistent with providing needed medical treatment. There are no medical indications for [[circumcision of the newborn]], so circumcision is neither diagnosis nor treatment. When the patient is a minor, then [[surrogate consent]] is usually granted by a parent acting as surrogate, but granting consent for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] exceeds a surrogate's recognized authority.
==Violation of patient rights==
"Circumcision" actually is an irreversible [[amputation]] of a functional body part. In the [[United States]], even babies have legal rights to bodily integrity.<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12998230422916570030&hl=en&as_sdt=8000003&scfhb=1 Union Pac. Ry. Co v Botsford] 141 U.S. 251 (1890).</ref> Circumcision may lawfully be performed only if someone has granted a valid consent for the amputation, however no one has the legal power to grant consent in the absence of a medical indication for a non-therapeutic circumcision of a minor.<ref name="hill2003">{{REFjournal
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
The decision to perform non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] belongs to the patient, not the parents.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal |last=Myers |first= |init=A |author-link=Alex Myers |last2=Earp |first2= |init2=BD |author2-link=Brian D. Earp |etal=no |title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis |trans-title= |language= |journal= Bioethics |location= |date=2020 |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=645-63 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf |archived= |quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure. |pubmedID=32068898 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |doi=10.1111/bioe.12714 |format=PDF |accessdate=2025-09-23}}</ref>
The Healthy Children Website fails to tell parents that [[circumcision]] is a medically -unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgical operation/[[amputation]] that may be deferred until the boy can decide for himself if whether he wants to sacrifice his [[foreskin]].
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