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}}</ref> <ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/
|title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision?
|last=Milos
|first=
|init=MF
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2022-09-19
|accessdate=2024-10-24
→Pathological phimosis
A [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] may be indicated in severe cases of pathological phimosis, where neither non-surgical methods with corticosteroid cream nor foreskin-preserving [[preputioplasty]] are promising (for example with chronic [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]]) or have failed in previous attempts.
==Pathological phimosis==
Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/ |title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision? |last=Milos |first= |init=MF |author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos |publisher=Intact America |date=2022-09-19 |accessdate=2024-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Rickwood
|first=
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-01-13
}}</ref>