Evolution of the foreskin: Difference between revisions
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== Evolution == | == Evolution == | ||
===Natural selection=== | ===Natural selection=== | ||
Charles Darwin (1859) has done an admirable work in introducing the principle of ''natural selection'' to explain evolution.<ref>{{REFbook | [[Charles Darwin]] (1859) has done an admirable work in introducing the principle of ''natural selection'' to explain evolution.<ref>{{REFbook | ||
|last=Darwin | |last=Darwin | ||
|first=Charles | |first=Charles | ||
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=== Morphology === | === Morphology === | ||
The [[prepuce]] has been well conserved by evolution.<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/> In primates, the [[foreskin]] has been present in the genitalia of both sexes of mammals for at least 65 million years and likely has been present for over 100 | The [[prepuce]] has been well conserved by evolution.<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/> In primates, the [[foreskin]] has been present in the genitalia of both sexes of mammals for at least 65 million years and likely has been present for over 100 million years of evolution, based on its commonality as an anatomical feature in mammals.<ref>{{REFbook | ||
|last=Martin | |last=Martin | ||
|first=Robert D. | |first=Robert D. | ||
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|pubmedID=8771059 | |pubmedID=8771059 | ||
|pubmedCID= | |pubmedCID= | ||
|DOI=10.1016/0306-9877(95)90248-1 | |DOI=10.1016/0306-9877(95)90248-1 | ||
|date=1995 | |date=1995 | ||
|accessdate=2024-12-22 | |accessdate=2024-12-22 | ||
| Line 203: | Line 203: | ||
|date=1990 | |date=1990 | ||
|accessdate=2024-12-22 | |accessdate=2024-12-22 | ||
}}</ref> The human [[penis]] has retained and modified its prepuce over | }}</ref> The human [[penis]] has retained and modified its prepuce over an extraordinary period of evolution.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Dixson | |last=Dixson | ||
|init=AF | |init=AF | ||
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The male and female prepuce has persisted in all primates, which strongly supports the contention that the [[prepuce]] is valuable genital sensory tissue. The corpora cavernosa and the prepuce are the only two universally common characteristics of the primate penis.<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/><ref name="macaca"/> While the human [[glans penis]] is protopathic, the [[prepuce]] contains a high concentration of touch receptors in the [[Ridged band|ridged band]].<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/> | The male and female prepuce has persisted in all primates, which strongly supports the contention that the [[prepuce]] is valuable genital sensory tissue. The corpora cavernosa and the prepuce are the only two universally common characteristics of the primate penis.<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/><ref name="macaca"/> While the human [[glans penis]] is protopathic, the [[prepuce]] contains a high concentration of touch receptors in the [[Ridged band|ridged band]].<ref name="cold-mcgrath"/> | ||
== Further reading == | |||
* {{REFbook | * {{REFbook | ||
|last=Denniston | |last=Denniston | ||
| Line 371: | Line 371: | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[Image:The-Descent-of-Man-and-Selection-in-Relation-to-sex.gif| | [[Image:The-Descent-of-Man-and-Selection-in-Relation-to-sex.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:Primate_Origins_and_Evolution.gif| | [[Image:Primate_Origins_and_Evolution.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:Perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine.gif| | [[Image:Perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:America_Journal_of_Primatology.gif| | [[Image:America_Journal_of_Primatology.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:Studies_In_Neurology.gif| | [[Image:Studies_In_Neurology.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:Why_Sex_Is_Fun.gif| | [[Image:Why_Sex_Is_Fun.gif|200x260px]] | ||
[[Image:Mothering.gif| | [[Image:Mothering.gif|200x260px]] | ||
== Videos == | |||
=== Functions of The Foreskin - Part 1 === | |||
<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9DoCn3gATE</youtube> | <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9DoCn3gATE</youtube> | ||
=== Functions of The Foreskin - Part 2 === | |||
<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ps1dkbcOKfA</youtube> | <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ps1dkbcOKfA</youtube> | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Foreskin sensitivity]] | * [[Foreskin sensitivity]] | ||
* [[Penis]] | * [[Penis]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url= | |url=https://intactaus.org/information/functions-of-the-foreskin/ | ||
|title=Functions of the Foreskin | |title=Functions of the Foreskin | ||
|last=Helard | |last=Helard | ||
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|quote= | |quote= | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||