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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720092409/http://www.racp.edu.au/download.cfm?DownloadFile=A453CFA1-2A57-5487-DF36DF59A1BAF527
|archivedate=2008-07-20
}}</ref> <ref name="bma2006">{{REFweb |title=The law & ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors |trans-title= |language=REFjournal
|last=Committee on Medical Ethics
|first=
|author-link=
|publisherlast2= |first2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=The law and ethics ofmale circumcisionGuidance for doctors |trans-title= |language= |journal=British Medical Association |location= |date=2006-06 |volume= |issue= |pages=
|url=http://www.bma.org.uk/-/media/Files/PDFs/Practical advice at work/Ethics/Circumcision.pdf
|websitequote= |datepubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI=2006-06
|accessdate=2019-11-03
Some medical associations take the position that the parents should determine what is in the best interest of the infant or child.<ref name="AAP1999">{{REFjournal
|title=Informed consent for neonatal circumcision: an ethical and legal conundrum
|journal=J Urol
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/canning1/
|date=2002
|volume=168
|date=2017
|quote=As circumcision is irreversible and therefore a radical operation, we find the physical integrity of the child takes precedence over the belief system of the parents.
}}</ref> The process is irreversible, has no medical justification in most cases, and is performed on minors unable to give their own permission, according to the committee. Paul Schotsmans of the University of Leuven, on behalf of the committee, noted "the child’s right to physical integrity, which is protected by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and in particular its protection from physical injury."<ref name="bulletin2017"/> The Belgian minister of health replied that the federal institute for health insurance cannot check and know whether in (individual cases) a circumcision is medically justified or not and that she will continue to reimburse circumcision of minors as the safety of the child is her primary concern and she wants to avoid botched circumcisions by non-medical circumcisers.<!--<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20170920_03084394
|title=De Block blijft besnijdenis terugbetalen
|language=nl-BE
|access-date=2019-06-14
}}</ref>-->
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==HIV in southern and eastern Africa==