Difference between revisions of "Laws against FGM"
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{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation#Legislation |title=Female genital Mutilation: Legislation}} | {{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation#Legislation |title=Female genital Mutilation: Legislation}} | ||
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|date=2008-11-12 | |date=2008-11-12 | ||
|accessdate=2020-05-02 | |accessdate=2020-05-02 | ||
| + | }}</ref> In the USA, U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman declared the female genital mutilation ban unconstitutional in 2018.<ref name="USA2018">{{REFnews | ||
| + | |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/health/fgm-female-genital-mutilation-law.html/ | ||
| + | |title=Federal Ban on Female Genital Mutilation Ruled Unconstitutional by Judge | ||
| + | |publisher=The New York Times | ||
| + | |date=2018-11-21 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2021-09-21 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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| {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | | {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | ||
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| − | | {{flag|Denmark}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | + | | {{flag|[[Denmark]]}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2003<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/> | | {{flag|Djibouti}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1994<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/> | ||
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| {{flag|Guinea}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1965<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 2000.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | | {{flag|Guinea}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1965<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || New law enacted in 2000.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | ||
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| − | | {{flag|Guinea Bissau}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/> | + | | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || || As of September 2018.<ref name="28TM 2018"/> |
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| {{flag|Italy}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2005<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | | {{flag|Italy}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 2005<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || As of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | ||
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| {{flag|United States}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1996<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || Criminalized federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | | {{flag|United States}} || {{CMain|Illegal}} || 1996<ref name="CRR 2008"/> || Criminalized federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.<ref name="CRR 2008"/> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | {{flag|United States}} || {{CRecurring|Legal}} || 1998 || As of September 2018.<ref name="USA2018"/> | ||
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* [[FGM]] | * [[FGM]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | {{REF}} |
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Law]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:54, 19 December 2021
Work in progress: The following information does not claim to be complete. More content will be added gradually.
(The following text or part of it is quoted from the free Wikipedia article Female genital Mutilation: Legislation
:)
In September 2018, FGM was illegal in 22 of the 28 most FGM-prevalent countries in Africa.[1] Sierra Leone criminalized FGM in January 2019,[2] Sudan did so in May 2020.[3] Some Western countries, where FGM has not been traditionally practiced but where immigrants from traditionally FGM-practicing countries have moved to in the 20th and 21st century, have also criminalized FGM (12 countries as of November 2008).[4] In the USA, U.S. District Judge Bernard Friedman declared the female genital mutilation ban unconstitutional in 2018.[5]
| Country | Status | Since | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Illegal | 1994–7[4] | criminalized in 6/8 states as of November 2008.[4] |
| Belgium | Illegal | 2000[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Benin | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Burkina Faso | Illegal | 1996[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Cameroon | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Canada | Illegal | 1997[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Central African Republic | Illegal | 1966[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Chad | Legal | A 2002 bill banning FGM hasn't yet been enacted as of September 2018.[1] | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Illegal | 1998[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Cyprus | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Denmark | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Djibouti | Illegal | 1994[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Egypt | Illegal | 2008[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Eritrea | Illegal | 2007[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Ethiopia | Illegal | 2004[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| The Gambia | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Ghana | Illegal | 1994[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Guinea | Illegal | 1965[4] | New law enacted in 2000.[4] |
| Guinea-Bissau | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Italy | Illegal | 2005[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Kenya | Illegal | 2001[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Liberia | Legal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Mali | Legal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Mauritania | Illegal | 2005[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| New Zealand | Illegal | 1995[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Niger | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Nigeria | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Norway | Illegal | 1995[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Senegal | Illegal | 1999[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Sierra Leone | Illegal | 2019 | criminalized in 2019.[2] |
| Somalia | Legal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Somaliland[6] | Legal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| South Africa | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| South Sudan | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| Spain | Illegal | 2003[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| Sudan | Illegal | 2020 | criminalized in 2020.[3] |
| Sweden | Illegal | 1982[4] | New law enacted in 1998.[4] |
| Tanzania | Illegal | 1998[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Togo | Illegal | 1998[4] | As of September 2018.[1] |
| Uganda | Illegal | As of September 2018.[1] | |
| United Kingdom | Illegal | 1985[4] | As of November 2008.[4] |
| United States | Illegal | 1996[4] | Criminalized federally in 1996 and in 17/50 states (during 1994–2006) as of November 2008.[4] |
| United States | Legal | 1998 | As of September 2018.[5] |
See also
References
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa
(September 2018). The law and FGM. An overview of 28 African countries
, 28 Too Many. Retrieved 2 May 2020. - ↑ a b (25 January 2019).
Sierra Leone bans FGM in clampdown on secret societies
, Reuters. - ↑ a b (1 May 2020).
Sudanese government bans female genital mutilation
, CNN. - ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar (12 November 2008).
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Legal Prohibitions Worldwide
, Center for Reproductive Rights. Retrieved 2 May 2020. - ↑ a b
(21 November 2018)."Federal Ban on Female Genital Mutilation Ruled Unconstitutional by Judge", The New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ↑ Somaliland is a self-proclaimed independent state and de facto functioning as such, but internationally recognized as part of Somalia.
