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Masturbation is frequent common in both sexes and at any age. Various medical and psychological benefits have been attributed to a healthy attitude toward sexual activity in general and to masturbation in particular. No causal relationship is known between masturbation and any form of mental or physical disorder.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Coleman
|first=Eli
The manner of male masturbation tends to be controlled by the [[circumcision]] status of the individual.
How one masturbates depends on whether one has an intact internally-lubricated movable [[foreskin]] that glides up and down the shaft or whether one has been circumcised.
===Intact penis===
===Circumcised penis===
Circumcision was introduced in English-speaking nations in Victorian times (19th century) to unforeskin the penis, tighten the skin to make it immovable, and make it impossible to masturbate. It failed to stop masturbation but it made it harder to do and less enjoyable. Kim & Pang (2007) reported that masturbatory pleasure decreased in 48% of the respondents and increased in 8%, while difficulty increased in 63% but was easier in 37%. They concluded that there was a decrease in masturbatory pleasure after circumcision.<ref name="kimpang2007">{{REFjournal
|last=DaiSik
|first=Kim