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,→Historic attitudes and practices: Add text and citation.
|accessdate=2020-11-19
}}</ref> (Non-therapeutic neonatal circumcisions are no longer performed in Canadian hospitals.)<ref name="jamesloewen2019">[[James Loewen]] (2019). Personal communication.</ref>
Maxwell & Yaster (1999) called on physicians to use analgesia during neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision surgery, saying:
<blockquote>
DESPITE THE DEBATE that continues over the benefits and risks of nonritual neonatal circumcision, it remains a commonly performed surgical procedure in the United States. To the best of our knowledge, it is the only surgical procedure that is routinely performed without first administering analgesia or anesthesia. This unconscionable state of affairs exists, despite the overwhelming evidence that newborns, even those born prematurely, are capable of experiencing pain. Indeed, anyone present during a circumcision realizes that the newborn feels and responds to pain and will attempt to withdraw if unrestrained. In addition, this pain has physiologic correlates: elevated heart rate and blood pressure, lowered arterial oxygen saturation, and elevated levels of adrenocortical hormones. During the past 15 years, results of a multitude of studies have demonstrated that effective analgesia can prevent this pain and ameliorate the associated stress response. Furthermore, the failure to provide anesthesia or analgesia has been shown to cause not only short-term physiologic perturbations but also longer-term behavioral changes.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Maxwell
|init=
|first=
|author-link=
|last2=Yaster
|init2=
|first2=
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Analgesia for neonatal circumcisionː No more studies, just do tt
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
|location=
|date=1999-05
|volume=153
|issue=5
|pages=444-5
|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/346832
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=10323622
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1001/archpedi.153.5.444
|accessdate=2020-11-21
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] convened a new task force on circumcision under the chair of Carole M. Lannon, M. D. That task force reversed the position previously taken under [[Edgar J. Schoen]]. It clearly stated that non-therapeutic infant circumcision is "not essential to the child’s current well-being." It provided an extensive discussion of procedural analgesia and said, quite strongly, that, if a circumcision is done, procedural analgesia should be provided.<ref>{{REFjournal