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Neonatal circumcision is an elective, medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of the healthy [[foreskin]] that is done only after parents sign a [[circumcision consent form]]. It exposes an infant to surgical risks, but does not treat or prevent disease.<ref name="deacon2022">{{REFjournal |last=Deacon |first=Matthew |init=M |author-link= |last2=Muir |first2=Gordon |init2=G |author2-link= |etal=no |title=What is the medical evidence on non-therapeutic child circumcision? |journal= Int J Impot Res |date=2022-01-08 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-021-00502-y |pubmedID=34997197 |DOI=10.1038/s41443-021-00502-y |accessdate=2022-02-02}}</ref> Circumcision is a surgical operation and [[amputation]] that creates an open surgical wound on the [[penis]]. The open wound does not heal immediately. For a period of time during and after the surgery it is subject to invasion by a wide variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens.<ref name="williams1993">{{REFjournal