Clitoris and the penis - differentiation: Difference between revisions

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{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoris#Homology |title=Clitoris: Homology}}

The [[clitoris]] and penis are generally the same anatomical structure, although the distal portion (or opening) of the [[urethra]] is absent in the [[clitoris]] of humans and most other animals. The idea that males have [[clitoris]]es was suggested in 1987 by researcher Josephine Lowndes Sevely, who theorized that the male corpora cavernosa (a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the penis during penile [[erection]]) are the true counterpart of the [[clitoris]]. She argued that "the male [[clitoris]]" is directly beneath the rim of the glans penis, where the frenulum of prepuce of the penis (a fold of the prepuce) is located, and proposed that this area be called the "Lownde's crown." Her theory and proposal, though acknowledged in anatomical literature, did not materialize in anatomy books.<ref>{{REFbook

The [[clitoris]] and [[penis]] are generally the same anatomical structure, although the distal portion (or opening) of the [[urethra]] is absent in the [[clitoris]] of humans and most other animals. The idea that males have [[clitoris]]es was suggested in 1987 by researcher Josephine Lowndes Sevely, who theorized that the male corpora cavernosa (a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the penis during penile [[erection]]) are the true counterpart of the [[clitoris]]. She argued that "the male [[clitoris]]" is directly beneath the rim of the glans penis, where the frenulum of prepuce of the penis (a fold of the prepuce) is located, and proposed that this area be called the "Lownde's crown." Her theory and proposal, though acknowledged in anatomical literature, did not materialize in anatomy books.<ref>{{REFbook

|last=Frayser

|first=Suzanne G.

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|ISBN=978-1861892102

|pages=25–6

}}</ref> Modern anatomical texts instead show that the [[clitoris]] displays a [[Clitoral hood| hood]] that is the equivalent of the penis's [[foreskin]], which covers the [[glans]], and a shaft that is attached to the glans; the male corpora cavernosa are homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis (the female cavernosa); the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the [[labia minora]], and the scrotum is homologous to the [[labia minora]] and [[labia majora]].<ref name="Chapple Steers 2010">{{REFbook

}}</ref> Modern anatomical texts instead show that the [[clitoris]] displays a [[Clitoral hood| hood]] that is the equivalent of the [[penis]]'s [[foreskin]], which covers the [[glans]], and a shaft that is attached to the glans; the male corpora cavernosa are homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis (the female cavernosa); the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the [[labia minora]], and the scrotum is homologous to the [[labia minora]] and [[labia majora]].<ref name="Chapple Steers 2010">{{REFbook

|last=Chapple

|init=CR

Line 79:

|ISBN=978-3319048949

|page=81

}}</ref> These reports sometimes conflict with other sources on clitoral anatomy or those concerning the nerve endings in the human [[penis]]. For example, while some sources estimate that the human penis has 4,000 nerve endings,<ref name="Carroll 2012"/><ref name="Di Marino 2014"/> other sources state that the glans or the entire penile structure have the same amount of nerve endings as the [[clitoral glans]],<ref>{{REFbook

}}</ref> These reports sometimes conflict with other sources on clitoral anatomy or those concerning the nerve endings in the human [[penis]]. For example, while some sources estimate that the human [[penis]] has 4,000 nerve endings,<ref name="Carroll 2012"/><ref name="Di Marino 2014"/> other sources state that the [[glans]] or the entire penile structure have the same amount of nerve endings as the [[clitoral glans]],<ref>{{REFbook

|last=Crooks

|first=Robert

Line 129:

}}</ref> Though the bulbs are considered the equivalent of the male spongiosum, they do not completely encircle the [[urethra]].<ref name="Ginger Yang 2011"/>

The thin corpus spongiosum of the penis runs along the underside of the penile shaft, enveloping the [[urethra]], and expands at the end to form the glans. It partially contributes to [[erection]], which are primarily caused by the two corpora cavernosa that comprise the bulk of the shaft; like the female cavernosa, the male cavernosa soak up blood and become erect when sexually excited.<ref name="Libertino 1998">{{REFbook

The thin corpus spongiosum of the [[penis]] runs along the underside of the penile shaft, enveloping the [[urethra]], and expands at the end to form the [[glans]]. It partially contributes to [[erection]], which are primarily caused by the two corpora cavernosa that comprise the bulk of the shaft; like the female cavernosa, the male cavernosa soak up blood and become erect when sexually excited.<ref name="Libertino 1998">{{REFbook

|last=Libertino

|first=John A.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoris#Homology |title=Clitoris: Homology}}
 <blockquote>
-The [[clitoris]] and penis are generally the same anatomical structure, although the distal portion (or opening) of the [[urethra]] is absent in the [[clitoris]] of humans and most other animals. The idea that males have [[clitoris]]es was suggested in 1987 by researcher Josephine Lowndes Sevely, who theorized that the male corpora cavernosa (a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the penis during penile [[erection]]) are the true counterpart of the [[clitoris]]. She argued that "the male [[clitoris]]" is directly beneath the rim of the glans penis, where the frenulum of prepuce of the penis (a fold of the prepuce) is located, and proposed that this area be called the "Lownde's crown." Her theory and proposal, though acknowledged in anatomical literature, did not materialize in anatomy books.<ref>{{REFbook
+The [[clitoris]] and [[penis]] are generally the same anatomical structure, although the distal portion (or opening) of the [[urethra]] is absent in the [[clitoris]] of humans and most other animals. The idea that males have [[clitoris]]es was suggested in 1987 by researcher Josephine Lowndes Sevely, who theorized that the male corpora cavernosa (a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the penis during penile [[erection]]) are the true counterpart of the [[clitoris]]. She argued that "the male [[clitoris]]" is directly beneath the rim of the glans penis, where the frenulum of prepuce of the penis (a fold of the prepuce) is located, and proposed that this area be called the "Lownde's crown." Her theory and proposal, though acknowledged in anatomical literature, did not materialize in anatomy books.<ref>{{REFbook
   |last=Frayser
   |first=Suzanne G.
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
   |ISBN=978-1861892102
   |pages=25–6
-}}</ref> Modern anatomical texts instead show that the [[clitoris]] displays a [[Clitoral hood| hood]] that is the equivalent of the penis's [[foreskin]], which covers the [[glans]], and a shaft that is attached to the glans; the male corpora cavernosa are homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis (the female cavernosa); the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the [[labia minora]], and the scrotum is homologous to the [[labia minora]] and [[labia majora]].<ref name="Chapple Steers 2010">{{REFbook
+}}</ref> Modern anatomical texts instead show that the [[clitoris]] displays a [[Clitoral hood| hood]] that is the equivalent of the [[penis]]'s [[foreskin]], which covers the [[glans]], and a shaft that is attached to the glans; the male corpora cavernosa are homologous to the corpus cavernosum clitoridis (the female cavernosa); the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the [[labia minora]], and the scrotum is homologous to the [[labia minora]] and [[labia majora]].<ref name="Chapple Steers 2010">{{REFbook
   |last=Chapple
   |init=CR
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
   |ISBN=978-3319048949
   |page=81
-}}</ref> These reports sometimes conflict with other sources on clitoral anatomy or those concerning the nerve endings in the human [[penis]]. For example, while some sources estimate that the human penis has 4,000 nerve endings,<ref name="Carroll 2012"/><ref name="Di Marino 2014"/> other sources state that the glans or the entire penile structure have the same amount of nerve endings as the [[clitoral glans]],<ref>{{REFbook
+}}</ref> These reports sometimes conflict with other sources on clitoral anatomy or those concerning the nerve endings in the human [[penis]]. For example, while some sources estimate that the human [[penis]] has 4,000 nerve endings,<ref name="Carroll 2012"/><ref name="Di Marino 2014"/> other sources state that the [[glans]] or the entire penile structure have the same amount of nerve endings as the [[clitoral glans]],<ref>{{REFbook
   |last=Crooks
   |first=Robert
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 }}</ref> Though the bulbs are considered the equivalent of the male spongiosum, they do not completely encircle the [[urethra]].<ref name="Ginger Yang 2011"/>
-The thin corpus spongiosum of the penis runs along the underside of the penile shaft, enveloping the [[urethra]], and expands at the end to form the glans. It partially contributes to [[erection]], which are primarily caused by the two corpora cavernosa that comprise the bulk of the shaft; like the female cavernosa, the male cavernosa soak up blood and become erect when sexually excited.<ref name="Libertino 1998">{{REFbook
+The thin corpus spongiosum of the [[penis]] runs along the underside of the penile shaft, enveloping the [[urethra]], and expands at the end to form the [[glans]]. It partially contributes to [[erection]], which are primarily caused by the two corpora cavernosa that comprise the bulk of the shaft; like the female cavernosa, the male cavernosa soak up blood and become erect when sexually excited.<ref name="Libertino 1998">{{REFbook
   |last=Libertino
   |first=John A.