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These articles and the core study are specially intriguing because traditionally it was thought that the [http://intactipedia.org/index.php?title=Langerhans_cells Langerhans cells] of the [http://intactipedia.org/index.php?title=Foreskin Prepuce (foreskin)] constituted an entry point for HIV<ref name="Kawamura-2005">{{REFjournal
|last=Kawamura
|firstinit=T.
|last2=Kurtz
|first2init2=S.E.SE
|last3=Blauvelt
|first3init3=A.
|last4=Shimada
|first4init4=S.
|date=2005-12
|title=The role of Langerhans cells in the sexual transmission of HIV.
}}</ref>, and this concept is one of the reasons behind the hypothesis that [http://intactipedia.org/index.php?title=Circumcision_and_HIV circumcision may reduce the risk of a male becoming infected with HIV from a female partner]. This Dutch study contradicts this idea, by stating that the Langerhans cells block HIV<ref name="de Witte-2007">{{REFjournal
|last=de Witte
|firstinit=L.
|last2=Nabatov
|first2init2=A.
|last3=Pion
|first3init3=M.
|last4=Fluitsma
|first4init4=D.
|last5=de Jong
|first5init5=M.A.MA
|last6=de Gruijl
|first6init6=T.
|last7=Piguet
|first7init7=V.
|last8=van Kooyk
|first8init8=Y.
|last9=Geijtenbeek
|first9init9=T.B.TB
|date=2007-03
|title=Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells.