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|ISBN=978-I51076680-8
|accessdate=2021-12-28
}}</ref> from which he allocated funds for two randomized controlled trials to be carried out in Africa. The trials supposedly were to determine if male circumcision was an effective at preventing female to male HIV infection, but were so conducted as to prove what the researchers wanted to prove — that male circumcision prevented [[HIV]] infection. Fauci's NIAID approved of a grant (UO1 AI11171-01-02) from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and in part by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH resulted inthree [[HIV trials in Africa]]:
# {{RCT Auvert et al 2005}}
# {{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}
# {{RCT Gray et al 2007}}
|DOI=10.1016/S0968-8080(07)29302-4
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref name="green2008">{{REFjournal
|last=Green
|first=
|DOI=10.2217/17469600.2.3.193
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Sidler
|first=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref name="myers2008">{{REFjournal
|last=Myers
|first=
|DOI=
|accessdate=
}}</ref> <ref name="">{{REFjournal
|last=Connolly
|first=
|pubmedID=20965388
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref>
Fauci has appointed circumcision enthusiast [[Thomas C. Quinn]], {{MD}}, {{MS}} as Chief, International HIV/STD Section of NIAID.
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932019000634
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Mayan
|first=Madhur
|DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000002234
|accessdate=2021-12-31
}}</ref> <ref name="frisch2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Frisch
|first=Morten
}}</ref>
[[Max Fish |Fish]] et al. (2019) criticized [[PEPFAR]] for its racist nature.<ref name="fish2019">{{REFdocument
|title=Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report
|url=https://www.vmmcproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/VMMC-UN-Report.pdf