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|accessdate=2022-10-07
}}</ref> The preputial sac may also be called the '''sub-preputial space''' or '''preputial cavity'''.
==Description==
The preputial sac is lined with [[mucosa]] as is appropriate for an internal organ.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
}}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" />
Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the [[prepuce ]] (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the [[glans penis]]. The muscle fibers form a whorl at the tip to keep the tip of the [[foreskin]] and keep the preputial sac closed against the outside world and contamination.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Lakshmanan
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}}</ref>
Cold & Taylor (1999) described a healthy microbiome that lives within the preputial sac.<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> They also reported that Langerhans cells are found in the mucosa of the preputial sac. [[Langerhans cells]] are part of the immunological defenses of the [[penis]]. De Witte et al. (2007) reported that Langerhans cells produce a substance named ''langerin''. The langerin offers protection against HIV infection:
{{Citation
|ref=<ref>{{DeWitte etal 2007}}</ref>
}}
==Washing==
Birley et al. (1993) studied 43 men with recurrent or persistent [[balanitis]] at an outpatient genitourinary disease clinic in London, [[United Kingdom| UK]] where most men are [[intact]]. Of the study group only 33 percent were [[circumcised]]. Birley and colleagues discovered that the men in that group washed frequently with soap or shower gel.