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== History of female circumcision in the west ==
== History of female circumcision in the west ==


Female genital cutting (FGC) shares a strikingly similar history to [[circumcision|male circumcision]] in Western medicine, being offered as a way to curb sexual activity, which was thought to cause disease.<ref>[[John Harvey Kellogg|Kellogg, John Harvey]]</ref><ref> Robert Tuttle Morris, M.D. Is evolution trying to do away with the clitoris? American Association of OB/GYNs Vol.5, 1892, pp.288-302.</ref><ref> T. Scott McFarland, M.D. Circumcision of Girls. Journal of Orificial Surgery. Vol.7,July 1898,pp.31-33.</ref><ref> Benjamin E. Dawson, A.M., M.D. Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform it. American Journal of Clinical Medicine. Vol.22, No. 6, June 1915, pp.520-525. </ref><ref> Belle C. Eskridge M.D. Why not circumcise the girl as well as the boy? Texas State Journal of Medicine Vol. 14, May 1918.</ref>
Female genital cutting (FGC) shares a strikingly similar history to [[circumcision|male circumcision]] in Western medicine, being offered as a way to curb sexual activity, which was thought to cause disease.<ref>[[John Harvey Kellogg|Kellogg, John Harvey]]</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
<ref> Mc Donald, C.F., M.D. Circumcision of the female. General Practitioner Vol. 18 No3, Sept 1958, pp.98-99.</ref><ref> W.G. Rathmann M.D. Female Circumcision: Indications and a new Technique. General practitioner Vol. 20, No.3, Sept 1959, pp.115-120.</ref> In the US, female genital cutting was covered by Blue Shield until 1977. Today all forms of FGM are considered female genital mutilation (FGM), which are banned in all western countries.
|first= Robert Tuttle
|last=Morris
|title=Is evolution trying to do away with the clitoris?
|journal=American Association of OB/GYNs
|volume=5
|year=1892
|pages=288-302
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|first=T. Scott
|last=McFarland
|title=Circumcision of Girls
|journal=Journal of Orificial Surgery
|volume=7
|date=1898-07
|pages=31-33
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|first=Benjamin E.
|last=Dawson
|title=Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform it
|journal=American Journal of Clinical Medicine
|volume=22
|issue=6
|date=1915-06
|pages=520-525
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|first=Belle C.
|last=Eskridge
|title=Why not circumcise the girl as well as the boy?
|journal=Texas State Journal of Medicine
|volume=14
|date=1918-05
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=McDonald
|first=C.F.
|title=Circumcision of the female
|journal=General Practitioner
|volume=18
|issue=3
|date=1958-09
|pages=98-99
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|first=W.G.
|last=Rathmann
|title=Female Circumcision: Indications and a new Technique
|journal=General practitioner
|volume=20
|issue=3
|date=1959-09
|pages=115-120
}}</ref> In the US, female genital cutting was covered by Blue Shield until 1977. Today all forms of FGM are considered female genital mutilation (FGM), which are banned in all western countries.


=== The AAP briefly endorses female genital cutting ===
=== The AAP briefly endorses female genital cutting ===
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