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  |first=Travis
  |first=Travis
  |init=T
  |init=T
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Travis Wisdom
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Constructing phallic beauty: Foreskin restoration, genital cutting and circumcisionism
  |title=Constructing phallic beauty: Foreskin restoration, genital cutting and circumcisionism
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The National Organization of Restoring Men ([[NORM]]) was founded in 1989 in San Francisco, as a non-profit support group for men restoring the appearance of a foreskin. It was originally known as RECAP, an acronym for the phrase Recover A Penis. In 1994 UNCIRC was incorporated into this group.<ref name="NORM history">{{REFweb
The National Organization of Restoring Men ([[NORM]]) was founded in 1989 in San Francisco, as a non-profit support group for men restoring the appearance of a foreskin. It was originally known as RECAP, an acronym for the phrase Recover A Penis. In 1994 UNCIRC was incorporated into this group.<ref name="NORM history">{{REFweb
  | quote=
  |quote=
  | url=http://www.norm.org/history.html
  |url=http://www.norm.org/history.html
  | title=NORM - History
  |title=NORM - History
  | last=Griffiths
  |last=Griffiths
  | first=R. Wayne
  |first=R. Wayne
  | publisher=
  |author-link=R. Wayne Griffiths
  | work=
  |publisher=
  | date=2006
  |date=2006
  | accessdate=2019-09-30
  |accessdate=2019-09-30
}}</ref> Since its founding, several NORM chapters have been founded throughout the [[United States]], as well as internationally in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and Germany.
}}</ref> Since its founding, several NORM chapters have been founded throughout the [[United States]], as well as internationally in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and Germany.


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The amount of tension produced by any method must be adjusted to avoid injury, pain or discomfort, and provides a limit on the rate at which new tissue can be grown. There is a risk of damaging tissues if excessive tension is used, or if tension is applied for too long. Websites about foreskin restoration vary in their recommendations, from suggesting a regimen of moderate amounts of tension applied for several hours a day,<ref name="NORM regimen">{{REFweb
The amount of tension produced by any method must be adjusted to avoid injury, pain or discomfort, and provides a limit on the rate at which new tissue can be grown. There is a risk of damaging tissues if excessive tension is used, or if tension is applied for too long. Websites about foreskin restoration vary in their recommendations, from suggesting a regimen of moderate amounts of tension applied for several hours a day,<ref name="NORM regimen">{{REFweb
  | quote=
  |quote=
  | url=http://www.norm.org/regimen.html
  |url=http://www.norm.org/regimen.html
  | title=NORM - Recommended Restoration Regimen
  |title=NORM - Recommended Restoration Regimen
  | last=Griffiths
  |last=Griffiths
  | first=R. Wayne
  |first=R. Wayne
  | publisher=
  |author-link=R. Wayne Griffiths
  | work=
  |publisher=
  | date=
  |date=
  | accessdate=2006-08-27
  |accessdate=2006-08-27
}}</ref> to recommending periods of higher tension applied for only a few minutes per day.<ref name="FRC manual">{{REFweb
}}</ref> to recommending periods of higher tension applied for only a few minutes per day.<ref name="FRC manual">{{REFweb
  | quote=
  |quote=
  | url=http://foreskinrestorationchat.info/manualtugging.html
  |url=http://foreskinrestorationchat.info/manualtugging.html
  | title=Foreskin Restoration Chat Manual Restoration Method and Guide
  |title=Foreskin Restoration Chat Manual Restoration Method and Guide
  | last=
  |last=
  | first=
  |first=
  | publisher=
  |publisher=
| work=
  |date=
  | date=
  |accessdate=2006-08-27
  | accessdate=2006-08-27
}}</ref><ref name="Doug's site">{{REFweb
}}</ref><ref name="Doug's site">{{REFweb
  | quote=
  |quote=
  | url=http://pages.suddenlink.net/manual_methods/
  |url=http://pages.suddenlink.net/manual_methods/
  | title=Manual Methods of Foreskin Restoration
  |title=Manual Methods of Foreskin Restoration
  | last=
  |last=
  | first=
  |first=
  | publisher=
  |publisher=
| work=
  |date=
  | date=
  |accessdate=2007-07-19
  | accessdate=2007-07-19
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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It is impossible to predict how long it will take one to restore because there are many variables. The time is measured in years, but the time to enjoy one’s restored foreskin is measured in decades.
It is impossible to predict how long it will take one to restore because there are many variables. The time is measured in years, but the time to enjoy one’s restored foreskin is measured in decades.


See [[Basics of foreskin restoration]]
See also: [[Basics of foreskin restoration]].
 
===Results===
===Results===


Results of non-surgical methods vary widely, and depend on such factors as the amount of skin present at the start of the restoration, degree of commitment, technique, and the individual's body. Foreskin restoration by [[tissue expansion]] successfully restores sensitivity to [[glans penis]] and restores the [[gliding action]]. Certain parts of the natural foreskin cannot be reformed. In particular, the [[ridged band]], a nerve-bearing tissue structure extending around the penis just inside the tip of the foreskin,<ref name="Taylor interview">{{REFweb
Results of non-surgical methods vary widely, and depend on such factors as the amount of skin present at the start of the restoration, degree of commitment, technique, and the individual's body. Foreskin restoration by [[tissue expansion]] successfully restores sensitivity to [[glans penis]] and restores the [[gliding action]]. Certain parts of the natural foreskin cannot be reformed. In particular, the [[ridged band]], a nerve-bearing tissue structure extending around the penis just inside the tip of the foreskin,<ref name="Taylor interview">{{REFweb
  | quote=
  |quote=
  | url=http://www.intact.ca/taylor.html
  |url=http://www.intact.ca/taylor.html
  | title=Interview with John Taylor
  |title=Interview with John Taylor
  | last=Taylor
  |last=Taylor
  | first=John R.
  |first=John R.
  | publisher=
  |init=JR
  | work=
|author-link=John R. Taylor
  | date=1997-02-04
  |publisher=
  | accessdate=2007-08-26
  |date=1997-02-04
  |accessdate=2007-08-26
}}</ref><ref name=Joy-frenar>{{REFbook
}}</ref><ref name=Joy-frenar>{{REFbook
  |last=Bigelow
  |last=Bigelow
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}}</ref> Such techniques are costly, and have the potential to produce unsatisfactory results or serious complications related to the skin graft.
}}</ref> Such techniques are costly, and have the potential to produce unsatisfactory results or serious complications related to the skin graft.


British Columbia resident [[Paul Tinari]] was held down and circumcised at eight years old, in what he stated was "a routine form of punishment" for [[masturbation]] at residential schools.  Following a lawsuit, Tinari's surgical foreskin restoration was covered by the British Columbia Ministry of Health. The plastic surgeon who performed the restoration was the first in Canada to have done such an operation, and used a technique similar to that described above.<ref name="Tyee article">{{REFjournal
British Columbia resident [[Paul Tinari]] was held down and circumcised at eight years old, in what he stated was "a routine form of punishment" for [[masturbation]] at residential schools.  Following a lawsuit, Tinari's surgical foreskin restoration was covered by the British Columbia Ministry of Health. The plastic surgeon who performed the restoration was the first in Canada to have done such an operation, and used a technique similar to that described above.<ref name="Tyee article">{{REFjournal
  |last=Euringer
  |last=Euringer
  |first=Amanda
  |first=Amanda
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


See [[Surgical foreskin restoration]]
See also: [[Surgical foreskin restoration]]


=== Results ===
=== Results ===
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The natural foreskin has three principal components, in addition to blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue:  [[skin]], which is exposed exteriorely; [[mucosa]], which is the inside surface in contact with the [[glans penis]] when the [[penis]] is flaccid; and a layer of [[Dartos| muscle]] fibers under the foreskin.  The [[ridged band]] is just inside the tip of the [[foreskin]].
The natural foreskin has three principal components, in addition to blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue:  [[skin]], which is exposed exteriorely; [[mucosa]], which is the inside surface in contact with the [[glans penis]] when the [[penis]] is flaccid; and a layer of [[Dartos| muscle]] fibers under the foreskin.  The [[ridged band]] is just inside the tip of the [[foreskin]].


Generally, the skin grows more readily in response to stretching than does the mucous membrane. The ring of muscle which normally holds the foreskin closed is completely removed in the majority of circumcisions and cannot be regrown, so the covering resulting from stretching techniques is usually looser than that of a natural foreskin. According to some observers it is difficult to distinguish a restored foreskin from a natural foreskin because restoration produces a "nearly normal-appearing prepuce."<ref name="Goodwin">{{REFjournal
Generally, the skin grows more readily in response to stretching than does the mucous membrane. The ring of muscle which normally holds the foreskin closed is completely removed in the majority of circumcisions and cannot be regrown, so the covering resulting from stretching techniques is usually looser than that of a natural foreskin. According to some observers it is difficult to distinguish a restored foreskin from a natural foreskin because restoration produces a "nearly normal-appearing prepuce."<ref name="Goodwin">{{REFjournal
  |last=Goodwin
  |last=Goodwin
  |first=Willard E.
  |first=Willard E.
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Nonsurgical foreskin restoration does not restore portions of the [[Frenulum| frenulum]] or the [[ridged band]] removed during circumcision. Although not commonly performed, there are surgical [http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Category:Foreskin_restoration_touch-up_surgeries "touch-up" techniques] that can re-create some of the functionality of the frenulum and dartos muscle.<ref>{{REFbook
Nonsurgical foreskin restoration does not restore portions of the [[Frenulum| frenulum]] or the [[ridged band]] removed during circumcision. Although not commonly performed, there are surgical [http://intactwiki.org/wiki/Category:Foreskin_restoration_touch-up_surgeries "touch-up" techniques] that can re-create some of the functionality of the frenulum and dartos muscle.<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Bigelow
  |last=Bigelow
  |first=Jim
  |first=Jim
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  |date=2005-04
  |date=2005-04
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref><ref name = "bleustein2003">{{REFconference
}}</ref><ref name="bleustein2003">{{REFconference
  |place=Chicago, Illinois
  |place=Chicago, Illinois
  |title=American Urological Association 98th Annual Meeting
  |title=American Urological Association 98th Annual Meeting
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Books, websites and numerous articles have been published about foreskin restoration. See our compiled list of [[literature about foreskin restoration]].
Books, websites and numerous articles have been published about foreskin restoration. See our compiled list of [[literature about foreskin restoration]].
==Time to restore==
 
== Time to restore ==
 
Please see:
Please see:
* [https://www.restoration-calculator.online/ Foreskin Restoration Calculator]
* [https://www.restoration-calculator.online/ Foreskin Restoration Calculator]


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  |title=Foregen
  |title=Foregen
  |url=http://www.foregen.org/blog/?p=84
  |url=http://www.foregen.org/blog/?p=84
|publisher=[[Foregen]]
  |date=2010-09-21
  |date=2010-09-21
  |accessdate=2010-11-28
  |accessdate=2010-11-28
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  |title=Clinical Regen Trial
  |title=Clinical Regen Trial
  |url=http://www.foregen.org/projects/
  |url=http://www.foregen.org/projects/
|publisher=[[Foregen]]
  |date=2010-06-23
  |date=2010-06-23
  |accessdate=2010-06-23
  |accessdate=2010-06-23
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In 2018, Foregen announced the creation of a "decellularized extracellular matrix–based biomaterial scaffold" for the purpose of regenerating human foreskin.<ref>{{REFjournal
In 2018, [[Foregen]] announced the creation of a "decellularized extracellular matrix–based biomaterial scaffold" for the purpose of regenerating human foreskin.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Purpura
  |last=Purpura
  |init=V
  |init=V
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Foreskin regeneration is only theoretical as of 2022.  No foreskin has ever been regenerated.  There is no assurance that foreskin regeneration would actually be successful, if attempted.
Foreskin regeneration is only theoretical as of 2022.  No foreskin has ever been regenerated.  There is no assurance that foreskin regeneration would actually be successful, if attempted.


Foregen has announced its desire to conduct trials on human volunteers in April 2023.<ref>{{REFweb
[[Foregen]] has announced its desire to conduct trials on human volunteers in April 2023.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://www.foregen.org/research
  |url=https://www.foregen.org/research
  |title=Research
  |title=Research
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
|publisher=[[Foregen]]
  |date=2021
  |date=2021
  |accessdate=2022-03-24
  |accessdate=2022-03-24
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Conclusion==
== Conclusion ==
 
Timmermans et al. (2021) report that "non-surgical foreskin restoration methods yield good results."<ref name="timmermans2021">{{REFjournal
Timmermans et al. (2021) report that "non-surgical foreskin restoration methods yield good results."<ref name="timmermans2021">{{REFjournal
  |last=Timmermans
  |last=Timmermans
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}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
==Video==
 
Wayne Griffiths, M.S., founder of NORM, discusses foreskin restoration and human rights in 2009..
== Videos ==
=== Wayne Griffiths - Foreskin Restoration & Human Rights ===
 
[[R. Wayne Griffiths]], {{MS}}, co-founder of [[NORM]], discusses foreskin restoration and human rights in 2009.
 
<youtube>v=qWIyipxe2uE</youtube>
<youtube>v=qWIyipxe2uE</youtube>
<br>
 
Ron Low, a manufacturer of a device discussed foreskin restoration.
=== Foreskin Restoration ===
 
[[Ron Low]], a manufacturer of a foreskin restoration device, discussed foreskin restoration.
 
<youtube>v=7B98RAGbJkc</youtube>
<youtube>v=7B98RAGbJkc</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Basics of foreskin restoration]]
* [[:Category:Film about foreskin restoration]]
* [[:Category:Foreskin restoration device]]
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Dekeratinization]]
* [[Dekeratinization]]
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* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Gliding action]]
* [[Gliding action]]
* [[Literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[Manual tugging]]
* [[Manual tugging]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Restoration]]
* [[Restoration]]
* [[Ridged band]]
* [[Ridged band]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Surgical foreskin restoration]]
* [[Tissue expansion]]
* [[Tissue expansion]]
* [[Uncircumcised]]
* [[Uncircumcised]]
* [[Basics of foreskin restoration]]
* [[Surgical foreskin restoration]]
* [[Literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[:Category:Foreskin restoration device]]
* [[:Category:Film about foreskin restoration]]


{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
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  |accessdate=2021-05-05
  |accessdate=2021-05-05
}}
}}
* {{REFnews
* {{REFnews
  |title=Many men bitterly regret being circumcised. A new method allows them to repair the damage.
  |title=Many men bitterly regret being circumcised. A new method allows them to repair the damage.
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  |quote=Foreskin restoration is a slow process of stretching the [[penile skin]] over the naked glans, and can take several years. Many men, however, report an improvement in comfort and sensitivity after only a couple of weeks.
  |quote=Foreskin restoration is a slow process of stretching the [[penile skin]] over the naked glans, and can take several years. Many men, however, report an improvement in comfort and sensitivity after only a couple of weeks.
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/restoration
  |url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/restoration
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}
}}
* [http://www.iomfats.org/resources/restoring/media/restoring_faq.pdf My responses to a few Frequently Asked Questions about Non-Surgical Foreskin Restoration], Roy M. Payne; Fryer, Leo (2001-03)
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.iomfats.org/resources/restoring/media/restoring_faq.pdf
|title=My responses to a few Frequently Asked Questions about Non-Surgical Foreskin Restoration
|last=Payne
|first=Roy M.
|last2=Fryer
|first2=Leo
|format=PDF
|date=2001-03
}}
* {{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Brandes
  |last=Brandes
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  |accessdate=2019-11-16
  |accessdate=2019-11-16
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=http://wasnotmychoice.com/foreskin-restoration/
  |url=http://wasnotmychoice.com/foreskin-restoration/
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18mtkxhelCtdxKQ6lgQpYoQc9GXoo-BWwsCPh7KW2c0o/edit#slide=id.p
  |url=https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18mtkxhelCtdxKQ6lgQpYoQc9GXoo-BWwsCPh7KW2c0o/edit#slide=id.p
  |archived=
  |archived=
  |title=Circumcision and Foreskin Restoration
  |title=Circumcision and Foreskin Restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.restoringmenlifecoaching.com/foreskin-restoration-resources
  |url=https://www.restoringmenlifecoaching.com/foreskin-restoration-resources
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}
}}
* {{REFnews
* {{REFnews
  |title=Regrowing my foreskin: How I’m overcoming the trauma of infant circumcision
  |title=Regrowing my foreskin: How I’m overcoming the trauma of infant circumcision
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}}
}}


{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Foregen]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Judaism]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Foreskin_restoration"