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[[Image:Gray and Wawer.jpg|right|thumb|Ronald Gray & Maria Wawer (married) head the project.]]
[[Image:Gray and Wawer.jpg|right|thumb|Ronald Gray & Maria Wawer (married) head the project.]]


The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uguanda, Africa to investigate the then-mysterious HIV.<ref name="rakai-history"> {{cite web | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html | title = History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]]  is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] and [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/our_people/jhu.html | title = Our People at Johns Hopkins University | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref> who conduct biased research to look for justifications in rolling out mass circumcision programs around the world.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"> {{cite web | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k | title = Rakai Project | date = 12/1/10 | work = JohnsHopkinsSPH | publisher = Youtube}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School for Public Health, the Uguanda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ | title = Rakai Health Sciences Program | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref><ref> {{citation | first = Xiangrong | last = Kong | contribution = Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda | title = 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections | place = Boston, Massachusetts | pages = 36 | date = February 28, 2011| id = | contribution-url = http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm | accessdate = 2011-05-02}} [http://circleaks.org/images/d/da/Acknowledgements.png Acknowledgements slide] [http://app2.capitalreach.com/esp1204/servlet/tc?c=10164&cn=retro&s=20445&&dp=player.jsp&e=13709&mediaType=podiumVideo Video of Presentation with Slides and Audio Download Link]</ref>
The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uguanda, Africa to investigate the then-mysterious HIV.<ref name="rakai-history">{{REFweb
| last=Rakai Project
| first=
| year=
| title=History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program
| url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html
| accessdate=2011-05-02
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]]  is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] and [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref>{{REFweb
| last=Rakai Project
| first=
| year=
| title=Our People at Johns Hopkins University
| url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/our_people/jhu.html
| accessdate=2011-05-02
}}</ref> who conduct biased research to look for justifications in rolling out mass circumcision programs around the world.<ref name="rakai-jhsph">{{REFweb
| last=JohnsHopkinsSPH
| first=
| year=12/1/10
| title=Rakai Project
| url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k
| accessdate=
}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School for Public Health, the Uguanda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>{{REFweb
| last=Rakai Project
| first=
| year=
| title=Rakai Health Sciences Program
| url=http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/
| accessdate=2011-05-02
}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews
| last=Kong
| first=Xiangrong  
| coauthors=
| url=http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm
| title=18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, Massachusetts
| date=February 28, 2011
| publisher=
| quote=Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda
| accessdate=2011-05-02
| pages = 36
}} [http://circleaks.org/images/d/da/Acknowledgements.png Acknowledgements slide] [http://app2.capitalreach.com/esp1204/servlet/tc?c=10164&cn=retro&s=20445&&dp=player.jsp&e=13709&mediaType=podiumVideo Video of Presentation with Slides and Audio Download Link]</ref>
 
== History of the Rakai Project ==


==History of the Rakai Project==
The [[Rakai Project]] was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda who decided to investigate HIV infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the [[Rakai Project]] were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and [[Maria Wawer]].<ref name="rakai-history"/> The [[Rakai Project]] has since changed its name to the [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Services Program]], and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.<ref name="rakai-history"/>
The [[Rakai Project]] was created in 1987 by a group of scientists from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda who decided to investigate HIV infection in the Rakai district by initiating a small community cohort study. The original senior Principal Investigators of the [[Rakai Project]] were Nelson Sewankambo, David Serwadda, and [[Maria Wawer]].<ref name="rakai-history"/> The [[Rakai Project]] has since changed its name to the [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Services Program]], and has a current staff of just under 400 principal investigators, multidisciplinary professionals, and support staff.<ref name="rakai-history"/>


==Promoting Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method==
== Promoting Circumcision as an HIV Prevention Method ==
 
The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] promotes mass circumcision as a means to prevent the spread of HIV. A Youtube video uploaded by the [[Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health]] highlights the [[RHSP|RHSP's]] mass circumcision program.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"/>
The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] promotes mass circumcision as a means to prevent the spread of HIV. A Youtube video uploaded by the [[Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health]] highlights the [[RHSP|RHSP's]] mass circumcision program.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"/>


 
{{Citation
{{Quote box
| Title=Rakai Project Doctor Promotes Circumcision
|title = <small>Rakai Project Doctor Promotes Circumcision</small>
| Text=It's been hard to change policy because it's a whole new paradigm. We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers had to take some time to really wrap their minds around it.
|quote = It's been hard to change policy because it's a whole new paradigm. We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers had to take some time to really wrap their minds around it.
| Author=Ronald Gray
|source = --Ronald Gray, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=07m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010). ''Rakai Project.'' YouTube.]
| Source=Rakai Project
|align = center
| lang=
|width = 50%
| before=
|quoted = yes
| after=
| Transcription=
| Translation=
| ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=07m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010). ''Rakai Project.'' YouTube.]</ref>
}}
}}


=== Music Video ===
=== Music Video ===
At the Rakai clinic, a propaganda music video promoting circumcision plays continuously in the waiting room.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m37s
| title = Rakai Project
| date = 12/1/10
| work = JohnsHopkinsSPH
| publisher = Youtube
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q
| title = Rakai male circumcision video by Stephen Mugamba feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg
| date = 6/10/10
| work = smugamba
| publisher = Youtube
}}
</ref>


{| border=0 align="center" style="width: 25%" cellpadding="0"
At the Rakai clinic, a propaganda music video promoting circumcision plays continuously in the waiting room.<ref>{{REFweb
| <center><youtube>0rtEdNl322Q</youtube></center>  
| last=JohnsHopkinsSPH
| first=
| year=12/1/10
| title=Rakai Project
| url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m37s
| accessdate=
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb
| last=smugamba
| first=
| year=6/10/10
| title=Rakai male circumcision video by Stephen Mugamba feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg
| url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q
| accessdate=
}}</ref>


<youtube>0rtEdNl322Q</youtube>


{{Quote box
{{Citation
|title = <small>Chorus Lyrics</small>
| Title=Chorus Lyrics
|quote = Men should be circumcised
| Text=Men should be circumcised
|source = <small></small>
| Author=
|align = center
| Source=
|width = 90%
|quoted = yes
}}
}}


{{Quote box
{{Citation
|title = <small>Bridge/Outro Lyrics (female singer)</small>
| Title=Bridge/Outro Lyrics (female singer)
|quote = Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!
| Text=Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised!
|source = <small></small>
| Author=
|align = center
| Source=
|width = 90%
|quoted = yes
}}
}}
|}


==External Links==
{{LINKS}}
*[http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health.
* [http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health.
*[http://www.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins University] home page at the John Hopkins University website.
* [http://www.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins University] home page at the John Hopkins University website.


==References==
{{REF}}
<div class='references-small'>
<references/>
</div>


[[Category:Programs]]
[[Category:Programs]]
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