Bias: Difference between revisions
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== Cultural bias == | == Cultural bias == | ||
A scientist or researcher of [[circumcision]] may have a cultural bias in favor of [[circumcision]] if (s)he comes from a country, society, cultural background, or ethnic group where [[circumcision]] is common. A cultural bias is a conflict of interest because reporting accurate findings in studies regarding circumcision is at odds with what one has been conditioned to believe about the practice. A person may be circumcised himself, married to a circumcised spouse, and/or a parent to circumcised children. | A scientist or researcher of [[circumcision]] may have a cultural bias in favor of [[circumcision]] if (s)he comes from a country, society, cultural background, or ethnic group where [[circumcision]] is common. A cultural bias is a conflict of interest because reporting accurate findings in studies regarding circumcision is at odds with what one has been conditioned to believe about the practice. A person may be [[circumcised]] himself, married to a circumcised spouse, and/or a parent to circumcised children. | ||
Circumcision has been near-universal in the [[United States]], [[Israel]], the [[Tuli|Philippines]], and most Muslim nations. Circumcision is also considered a rite of passage in some African tribes. In these societies, a man who has not been circumcised is often considered to be inferior, and in some cases, a social outcast, so there is a strong incentive to circumcise one's self and/or one's children. | Circumcision has been near-universal in the [[United States]], [[Israel]], the [[Tuli|Philippines]], and most Muslim nations. Circumcision is also considered a rite of passage in some African tribes. In these societies, a man who has not been circumcised is often considered to be inferior, and in some cases, a social outcast, so there is a strong incentive to circumcise one's self and/or one's children. | ||
LeBourdais (1995) reported "the likelihood of a baby being [[circumcised]] is influenced by an expanding array of usually non-medical factors: [[Adamant father syndrome| circumcision status of the father]], attitude of the mother, age of the attending physician, | LeBourdais (1995) reported "the likelihood of a baby being [[circumcised]] is influenced by an expanding array of usually non-medical factors: [[Adamant father syndrome| circumcision status of the father]], attitude of the mother, age of the attending physician, gender and circumcision status of the physician, geographic location and religion factors that have little to do with the baby himself."<ref name="lebourdais1995">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=LeBourdais | |last=LeBourdais | ||
|first=Eleanor | |first=Eleanor | ||
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American researchers who have written studies critical of male circumcision usually have had to publish in the foreign medical literature. The journal ''Pediatrics'', published by the [[AAP| American Academy of Pediatrics]], is noted for its publication of articles with a favorable view of non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. | American researchers who have written studies critical of male circumcision usually have had to publish in the foreign medical literature. The journal ''Pediatrics'', published by the [[AAP| American Academy of Pediatrics]], is noted for its publication of articles with a favorable view of non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | |||
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== Religious bias == | == Religious bias == | ||