Difference between revisions of "Sexual sensation of the foreskin"
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| − | Anatomical investigations have identified the prepuce as a primary erogenous zone in humans.<ref> Winkelmann | + | Anatomical investigations have identified the prepuce as a primary erogenous zone in humans.<ref name="ErogenousZones">{{REFjournal |
| + | | last=Winkelmann | ||
| + | | first=R.K. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title="The Erogenous Zones: Their nerve supply and significance." Proceedings of the staff meetings of the Mayo Clinic. | ||
| + | | journal= | ||
| + | | volume=34 | ||
| + | | issue=2 | ||
| + | | pages=39-47 | ||
| + | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13645790?dopt=Abstract | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID=13645790 | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1959 | ||
| + | | accessdate=2019-09-10 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| − | For over a hundred years, anatomical research has confirmed that both the penile and clitoral prepuce (foreskin) are richly innervated, specific erogenous tissue with specialised encapsulated (corpuscular) sensory receptors, such as Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, genital corpuscles, Krause end bulbs, Ruffini corpuscles, and mucocutaneous corpuscles. These receptors transmit sensations of fine touch, pressure, proprioception, and temperature.<ref>Dogiel | + | For over a hundred years, anatomical research has confirmed that both the penile and clitoral prepuce (foreskin) are richly innervated, specific erogenous tissue with specialised encapsulated (corpuscular) sensory receptors, such as Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, genital corpuscles, Krause end bulbs, Ruffini corpuscles, and mucocutaneous corpuscles. These receptors transmit sensations of fine touch, pressure, proprioception, and temperature.<ref name="Nervenendigungen">{{REFjournal |
| − | </ref><ref>Dogiel | + | | last=Dogiel |
| − | </ref><ref>Ohmori | + | | first=A.S. |
| − | </ref><ref>Yamada K. Studies in the innervation in tenth month human embryo. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951:54:151. Yamada K. On the sensory nerve terminations in clitoris in human adult. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951;54:163- 74. | + | | coauthors= |
| − | </ref><ref> | + | | title=Die Nervenendigungen in der Schleimhaut der äusseren Genitalorgane des Menschen |
| − | Winkelmann | + | | journal=Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie |
| − | </ref><ref>Winkelmann | + | | volume=41 |
| − | </ref><ref>Krantz | + | | issue= |
| − | </ref><ref | + | | pages=585-612 |
| − | + | | url= | |
| − | + | | quote= | |
| − | </ref> | + | | pubmedID= |
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1893 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | | last=Dogiel | ||
| + | | first=A.S. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=Über die Nervenendapparate in der Haut des Menschen | ||
| + | | journal=Ztschr Wiss Zool | ||
| + | | volume=75 | ||
| + | | issue= | ||
| + | | pages=46-111 | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID= | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1903 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref name="Ohmori">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | | last=Ohmori | ||
| + | | first=D. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=Über die Entwicklung der Innervation der Genitalapparate als peripheren Aufnahmeapperat der Genitalen Reflexe | ||
| + | | journal=Zeitschrift fur Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte | ||
| + | | volume=70 | ||
| + | | issue=1 | ||
| + | | pages=347-410 | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID= | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1924 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref>Yamada K. Studies in the innervation in tenth month human embryo. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951:54:151. Yamada K. On the sensory nerve terminations in clitoris in human adult. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951;54:163- 74.</ref><ref name="CutaneousInnervation">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | | last=Winkelmann | ||
| + | | first=R.K. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=The cutaneous innervation of human newborn prepuce | ||
| + | | journal=Journal of investigative dermatology | ||
| + | | volume=26 | ||
| + | | issue=1 | ||
| + | | pages=53–67 | ||
| + | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13295637?dopt=Abstract | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13295637?dopt=Abstract | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1956 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | | last=Winkelmann | ||
| + | | first=R.K. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=The mucocutaneous end-organ | ||
| + | | journal=Arch Dermatol | ||
| + | | volume=76 | ||
| + | | issue= | ||
| + | | pages=225-235 | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID= | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1957 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | | last=Krantz | ||
| + | | first=K.E. | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=Innervation of the human vulva and vagina: a microscopic study | ||
| + | | journal=Obstet Gynecol | ||
| + | | volume=12 | ||
| + | | issue= | ||
| + | | pages=382-96 | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID= | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1958 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref name="ErogenousZones"/><ref>{{REFbook | ||
| + | | last=Butler AB, Hodos W | ||
| + | | first= | ||
| + | | year=1996 | ||
| + | | title=Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | work= | ||
| + | | editor= | ||
| + | | edition=26 | ||
| + | | volume= | ||
| + | | chapter= | ||
| + | | pages= | ||
| + | | location= | ||
| + | | publisher=Wiley-Liss | ||
| + | | isbn=0471210056 | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | | note= | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
== Nerve types == | == Nerve types == | ||
| − | The two primary sensory receptors in primate skin are free nerve endings and encapsulated or corpuscular receptors. While free nerve endings (pain, itch, and temperature receptors) are found in most skin, the encapsulated receptors are concentrated in regions that require specialised touch sensitivity, such as at the fingertips, lips, external genitalia, perianal skin, and transition areas between skin and mucous membranes.<ref>Stenn KS, Bhawan J. The normal histology of the skin. in: Farmer ER. Hood AF. eds. Pathology of the Skin. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange. 1990. | + | The two primary sensory receptors in primate skin are free nerve endings and encapsulated or corpuscular receptors. While free nerve endings (pain, itch, and temperature receptors) are found in most skin, the encapsulated receptors are concentrated in regions that require specialised touch sensitivity, such as at the fingertips, lips, external genitalia, perianal skin, and transition areas between skin and mucous membranes.<ref>Stenn KS, Bhawan J. The normal histology of the skin. in: Farmer ER. Hood AF. eds. Pathology of the Skin. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange. 1990.</ref> |
| − | </ref> | ||
| − | The Innervation of the foreskin is impressive | + | The Innervation of the foreskin is impressive <ref>Moldwin RM, Valderrama E. Immunohistochemical analysis of nerve distribution patterns within preputial tissues. J Urol 1989 Apr;141(4):499A. (abstract)</ref> The foreskin is what's known as a specific erogenous zone.<ref name="ErogenousZones"/> This means that it is richly equipped with a high density and concentration of specialized and sophisticated nerve receptors that convey pleasure.The presence of specialized nerves, nerves that do no not exist elsewhere, make this part of the penis especially important. Consequently, this has been studied in detail by respected anatomists for over a century, who have transformed their knowledge by detailed empirical observation of the nerves that are present in the foreskin. |
| − | <ref>Moldwin RM, Valderrama E. Immunohistochemical analysis of nerve distribution patterns within preputial tissues. J Urol 1989 Apr;141(4):499A. (abstract)</ref> | ||
| − | The foreskin is what's known as a specific erogenous zone. | ||
| − | <ref | ||
| − | This means that it is richly equipped with a high density and concentration of specialized and sophisticated nerve receptors that convey pleasure.The presence of specialized nerves, nerves that do no not exist elsewhere, make this part of the penis especially important. Consequently, this has been studied in detail by respected anatomists for over a century, who have transformed their knowledge by detailed empirical observation of the nerves that are present in the foreskin. | ||
As the most richly innervated part of the penis, the foreskin has the largest number of nerve receptors, as well as the greatest variety of nerve receptors. These specialized nerve endings include: | As the most richly innervated part of the penis, the foreskin has the largest number of nerve receptors, as well as the greatest variety of nerve receptors. These specialized nerve endings include: | ||
| − | * Meissner's corpuscles, <ref>Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ | + | * Meissner's corpuscles,<ref name="Mucosa">{{REFjournal |
| + | | last=Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ | ||
| + | | first= | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=The prepuce: Specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision | ||
| + | | journal=British Journal of Urology International | ||
| + | | volume=77 | ||
| + | | issue=2 | ||
| + | | pages=291-295 | ||
| + | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8800902?dopt=Abstract | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID=8800902 | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=1996 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| − | * free nerve endings, end bulbs of Krause, <ref | + | * free nerve endings, end bulbs of Krause,<ref name="Nervenendigungen"/><ref name="Depth">{{REFjournal |
| + | | last=Bazett HC, McGlone B, Williams RG, Lufkin HM | ||
| + | | first= | ||
| + | | coauthors= | ||
| + | | title=Depth, distribution and probable identification in the prepuce of sensory end-organs concerned in sensations of temperature and touch; thermometric conductivity | ||
| + | | journal=Archives of Neurology and psychiatry | ||
| + | | volume=27 | ||
| + | | issue=3 | ||
| + | | pages=489-517 | ||
| + | | url= | ||
| + | | quote= | ||
| + | | pubmedID= | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=March 1932 | ||
| + | | accessdate= | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| − | * Corpuscles of Ruffini, <ref | + | * Corpuscles of Ruffini,<ref name="Depth"/> |
| − | * Pacinian corpuscles, <ref | + | * Pacinian corpuscles,<ref name="Ohmori"/> |
* genital and bulbs <ref>Halata Z, Munger BL. The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility og the human glans penis. Brain Res 1986 Apr23;371(2):205-30.</ref> | * genital and bulbs <ref>Halata Z, Munger BL. The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility og the human glans penis. Brain Res 1986 Apr23;371(2):205-30.</ref> | ||
| − | * Genital bodies, <ref | + | * Genital bodies,<ref name="Ohmori"/> |
| − | * Merkels disks, Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles, <ref | + | * Merkels disks, Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles,<ref name="Ohmori"/> |
| − | * and Vater-Pacinian corpuscles. <ref | + | * and Vater-Pacinian corpuscles.<ref name="CutaneousInnervation"/> |
These remarkable organs provide the foreskin with its amazing ability to detect the slightest sensations of touch, motion, temperature, and pressure. We are still unaware of all the facts about these fascinating structures. Future research may discover even more nerve receptors in the foreskin and help clarify what purposes they serve.The primary zones of erogenous sensitivity are the frenulum, ridged mucosa, and the preputial orifice and the external fold of the foreskin. All of these zones are orgasmic triggers. Continuous gentle stimulation of any one of these areas can elicit pleasure, orgasm, and ejaculation. | These remarkable organs provide the foreskin with its amazing ability to detect the slightest sensations of touch, motion, temperature, and pressure. We are still unaware of all the facts about these fascinating structures. Future research may discover even more nerve receptors in the foreskin and help clarify what purposes they serve.The primary zones of erogenous sensitivity are the frenulum, ridged mucosa, and the preputial orifice and the external fold of the foreskin. All of these zones are orgasmic triggers. Continuous gentle stimulation of any one of these areas can elicit pleasure, orgasm, and ejaculation. | ||
| Line 51: | Line 197: | ||
[[Image:Meissner's corpuscle.jpg|right|thumb|Meissner's corpuscle.]] | [[Image:Meissner's corpuscle.jpg|right|thumb|Meissner's corpuscle.]] | ||
| − | Distributed on various areas of the skin, but concentrated in areas especially sensitive to light touch, such as the fingers, lips, nipples and foreskin.<ref>Cauna, Nikolajs, and Leonard L. Ross. "The fine structure of meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers." Journal of Cell Biology. 8.2 (1960): 467-82. Print. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.8.2.467 | + | Distributed on various areas of the skin, but concentrated in areas especially sensitive to light touch, such as the fingers, lips, nipples and foreskin.<ref>Cauna, Nikolajs, and Leonard L. Ross. "The fine structure of meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers." Journal of Cell Biology. 8.2 (1960): 467-82. Print. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.8.2.467</ref><ref>Hoffmann et al. "Meissner corpuscles and somatosensory acuity." Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol (2004): 1138-47. Web.</ref><ref>Bongiorno et al. "Neurofibromatosis of the nipple-areolar area: a case series." Journal of Medical Case Reports 4.22 (2010): n. pag. Web. 27 Dec 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-22</ref><ref> Martini and Bartholomew. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. 3. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2010. Print.</ref><ref>Afifi and Bergman. Functional neuroanatomy: text and atlas. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998. 16. Print. ISBN 0070015899</ref> They are concentrated in areas of the body denoted as erogenous zones, which include the foreskin, clitoris, lip and nipple.<ref name="ErogenousZones"/> J.R. Taylor (1996) noted their presence in the foreskin,<ref name="Mucosa"/> and C.J. Cold & Taylor (1999) reported "Most of the encapsulated receptors of the foreskin are Meissner corpuscles, as they contact the epithelial basement membrane."<ref>C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor. "The prepuce." British Journal of Urology International. 83. (1999): 34-44. Print [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349413?dopt=Abstract PMID 10349413]</ref> Early observations were noted by A. S. Dogiel (1893),<ref name="Nervenendigungen"/> D. Ohmori (1924),<ref name="Ohmori"/> and H. C. Bazett (1935),<ref>Bazett, H.C. "Methods of investigation of sensation in man and the theoretical value of the results obtained." Proc. A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 15. (1935): 83-97. Print.</ref> reported the presence of Meissner's corpuscles in the foreskin. Haiyang ''et al.'' (2005) found and measured the density of Meissner's corpuscles on the foreskin.<ref>Haiyang et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle in abundant prepuce and phimosis." Journal of Modern Urology (2005): n. pag. Web.</ref> Dong ''et al.'' (2007) reported that the quantity of Meissner's corpuscles on the fused smooth mucosa of the foreskin decline with age, but not on the ridged band.<ref>Dong et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle on fused phimosis." Journal of Guangdong Medical College 2007: n. pag. Web. ISSN:1005-4057.0.2007-01-004</ref> |
| − | </ref><ref> | ||
| − | Hoffmann et al. "Meissner corpuscles and somatosensory acuity." Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol (2004): 1138-47. Web. | ||
| − | </ref><ref> | ||
| − | Bongiorno et al. "Neurofibromatosis of the nipple-areolar area: a case series." Journal of Medical Case Reports 4.22 (2010): n. pag. Web. 27 Dec 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-22 | ||
| − | </ref><ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | </ref><ref> | ||
| − | Afifi and Bergman. Functional neuroanatomy: text and atlas. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998. 16. Print. ISBN 0070015899 | ||
| − | </ref> They are concentrated in areas of the body denoted as erogenous zones, which include the foreskin, clitoris, lip and nipple.<ref | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | </ref> Early observations were noted by A. S. Dogiel (1893),<ref | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | Ohmori | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | </ref> reported the presence of Meissner's corpuscles in the foreskin. Haiyang ''et al.'' (2005) found and measured the density of Meissner's corpuscles on the foreskin.<ref> | ||
| − | Haiyang et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle in abundant prepuce and phimosis." Journal of Modern Urology (2005): n. pag. Web. | ||
| − | </ref> Dong ''et al.'' (2007) reported that the quantity of Meissner's corpuscles on the fused smooth mucosa of the foreskin decline with age, but not on the ridged band.<ref> | ||
| − | Dong et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle on fused phimosis." Journal of Guangdong Medical College 2007: n. pag. Web. ISSN:1005-4057.0.2007-01-004 | ||
| − | </ref> | ||
== Ridged Band == | == Ridged Band == | ||
| − | In 1991 the ridged bands of the male prepuce were identified as a concentrated area of corpuscular receptors.<ref> | + | In 1991 the ridged bands of the male prepuce were identified as a concentrated area of corpuscular receptors.<ref>Taylor JR. The prepuce: What, exactly, is removed by circumcision: a preliminary report. In: Milos M,Richter L, Hodges F; eds. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Circumcision. 1991. SanAnselmo: NOCIRC. 1994.</ref><ref name="Mucosa"/> |
| − | Taylor JR. The prepuce: What, exactly, is removed by circumcision: a preliminary report. In: Milos M,Richter L, Hodges F; eds. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Circumcision. 1991. SanAnselmo: NOCIRC. 1994. | ||
| − | </ref><ref | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Fine-touch sensitivity == | == Fine-touch sensitivity == | ||
| Line 90: | Line 207: | ||
[[Image:Fine-Touch-Pressure-Thresholds-in-the-Adult-Penis_IntactWiki.gif|right|thumb|Fine Touch Pressure Thresholds in the Adult Penis.]] | [[Image:Fine-Touch-Pressure-Thresholds-in-the-Adult-Penis_IntactWiki.gif|right|thumb|Fine Touch Pressure Thresholds in the Adult Penis.]] | ||
| − | The foreskin has important sexual nerve receptors that are removed during circumcision.<ref | + | The foreskin has important sexual nerve receptors that are removed during circumcision.<ref name="CutaneousInnervation"/><ref name="ErogenousZones"/><ref name="Mucosa"/><ref>C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor. "The prepuce." British Journal of Urology International. 83. (1999): 34-44. Print [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349413?dopt=Abstract PMID 10349413]</ref> Circumcision removes the most sensitive part of a man's penis. The five most sensitive areas of the penis are on the foreskin. The transitional region from the external to the internal foreskin is the most sensitive region of the fully intact penis, and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis.<ref name="FineTouchPressure">{{REFjournal |
| − | + | | last=Morris L. Sorrells, James L. Snyder | |
| − | + | | first= | |
| − | + | | coauthors= | |
| − | + | | title=Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis | |
| − | + | | journal=BJU International | |
| − | + | | volume=99 | |
| − | C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor. "The prepuce." British Journal of Urology International. 83. (1999): 34-44. Print [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349413?dopt=Abstract PMID 10349413] | + | | issue=4 |
| − | </ref> Circumcision removes the most sensitive part of a man's penis. The five most sensitive areas of the penis are on the foreskin. The transitional region from the external to the internal foreskin is the most sensitive region of the fully intact penis, and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis.<ref> | + | | pages=864–869 |
| − | Sorrells, | + | | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17378847?dopt=Abstract |
| − | </ref> | + | | quote= |
| + | | pubmedID=17378847 | ||
| + | | pubmedCID= | ||
| + | | DOI= | ||
| + | | date=2007-10-22 | ||
| + | | accessdate=2019-09-10 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
In a 2007 study, which was published in the British Medical Journal. They physically measured the sensitivity of all the parts of the penis. They used a very accurate pressure sensing probe while the test subject, who’s view was blocked with a screen, reported a sensation of touch. To demonstrate precision they took each measurement multiple times. To no surprise, their results corroborated with the nero-anatomy that has been discussed previously. | In a 2007 study, which was published in the British Medical Journal. They physically measured the sensitivity of all the parts of the penis. They used a very accurate pressure sensing probe while the test subject, who’s view was blocked with a screen, reported a sensation of touch. To demonstrate precision they took each measurement multiple times. To no surprise, their results corroborated with the nero-anatomy that has been discussed previously. | ||
| − | "Five locations on the uncircumcised penis that are routinely removed at circumcision were more sensitive than the most sensitive location on the circumcised penis[...] The glans in the circumcised male is less sensitive to fine-touch pressure than the glans of the uncircumcised male[...]The most sensitive location on the circumcised penis is the circumcision scar on the ventral surface [...] When compared to the most sensitive area of the circumcised penis, several locations on the uncircumcised penis that are missing from the circumcised penis were significantly more sensitive. " | + | "Five locations on the uncircumcised penis that are routinely removed at circumcision were more sensitive than the most sensitive location on the circumcised penis[...] The glans in the circumcised male is less sensitive to fine-touch pressure than the glans of the uncircumcised male[...]The most sensitive location on the circumcised penis is the circumcision scar on the ventral surface [...] When compared to the most sensitive area of the circumcised penis, several locations on the uncircumcised penis that are missing from the circumcised penis were significantly more sensitive."<ref name="FineTouchPressure"/> |
| − | <ref | ||
[[Image:Sorrells_AAP.jpg|right|thumb|AAP skepticism that loss of foreskin could actually affect sex.]] | [[Image:Sorrells_AAP.jpg|right|thumb|AAP skepticism that loss of foreskin could actually affect sex.]] | ||
Revision as of 18:17, 10 September 2019
Construction Site
This article is work in progress and not yet part of the free encyclopedia IntactiWiki.
Anatomical investigations have identified the prepuce as a primary erogenous zone in humans.[1]
For over a hundred years, anatomical research has confirmed that both the penile and clitoral prepuce (foreskin) are richly innervated, specific erogenous tissue with specialised encapsulated (corpuscular) sensory receptors, such as Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, genital corpuscles, Krause end bulbs, Ruffini corpuscles, and mucocutaneous corpuscles. These receptors transmit sensations of fine touch, pressure, proprioception, and temperature.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][1][9]
Contents
Nerve types
The two primary sensory receptors in primate skin are free nerve endings and encapsulated or corpuscular receptors. While free nerve endings (pain, itch, and temperature receptors) are found in most skin, the encapsulated receptors are concentrated in regions that require specialised touch sensitivity, such as at the fingertips, lips, external genitalia, perianal skin, and transition areas between skin and mucous membranes.[10]
The Innervation of the foreskin is impressive [11] The foreskin is what's known as a specific erogenous zone.[1] This means that it is richly equipped with a high density and concentration of specialized and sophisticated nerve receptors that convey pleasure.The presence of specialized nerves, nerves that do no not exist elsewhere, make this part of the penis especially important. Consequently, this has been studied in detail by respected anatomists for over a century, who have transformed their knowledge by detailed empirical observation of the nerves that are present in the foreskin.
As the most richly innervated part of the penis, the foreskin has the largest number of nerve receptors, as well as the greatest variety of nerve receptors. These specialized nerve endings include:
- Meissner's corpuscles,[12]
- Corpuscles of Ruffini,[13]
- Pacinian corpuscles,[4]
- genital and bulbs [14]
- Genital bodies,[4]
- Merkels disks, Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles,[4]
- and Vater-Pacinian corpuscles.[6]
These remarkable organs provide the foreskin with its amazing ability to detect the slightest sensations of touch, motion, temperature, and pressure. We are still unaware of all the facts about these fascinating structures. Future research may discover even more nerve receptors in the foreskin and help clarify what purposes they serve.The primary zones of erogenous sensitivity are the frenulum, ridged mucosa, and the preputial orifice and the external fold of the foreskin. All of these zones are orgasmic triggers. Continuous gentle stimulation of any one of these areas can elicit pleasure, orgasm, and ejaculation.
Meissner's corpuscle
Distributed on various areas of the skin, but concentrated in areas especially sensitive to light touch, such as the fingers, lips, nipples and foreskin.[15][16][17][18][19] They are concentrated in areas of the body denoted as erogenous zones, which include the foreskin, clitoris, lip and nipple.[1] J.R. Taylor (1996) noted their presence in the foreskin,[12] and C.J. Cold & Taylor (1999) reported "Most of the encapsulated receptors of the foreskin are Meissner corpuscles, as they contact the epithelial basement membrane."[20] Early observations were noted by A. S. Dogiel (1893),[2] D. Ohmori (1924),[4] and H. C. Bazett (1935),[21] reported the presence of Meissner's corpuscles in the foreskin. Haiyang et al. (2005) found and measured the density of Meissner's corpuscles on the foreskin.[22] Dong et al. (2007) reported that the quantity of Meissner's corpuscles on the fused smooth mucosa of the foreskin decline with age, but not on the ridged band.[23]
Ridged Band
In 1991 the ridged bands of the male prepuce were identified as a concentrated area of corpuscular receptors.[24][12]
Fine-touch sensitivity
The foreskin has important sexual nerve receptors that are removed during circumcision.[6][1][12][25] Circumcision removes the most sensitive part of a man's penis. The five most sensitive areas of the penis are on the foreskin. The transitional region from the external to the internal foreskin is the most sensitive region of the fully intact penis, and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis.[26]
In a 2007 study, which was published in the British Medical Journal. They physically measured the sensitivity of all the parts of the penis. They used a very accurate pressure sensing probe while the test subject, who’s view was blocked with a screen, reported a sensation of touch. To demonstrate precision they took each measurement multiple times. To no surprise, their results corroborated with the nero-anatomy that has been discussed previously.
"Five locations on the uncircumcised penis that are routinely removed at circumcision were more sensitive than the most sensitive location on the circumcised penis[...] The glans in the circumcised male is less sensitive to fine-touch pressure than the glans of the uncircumcised male[...]The most sensitive location on the circumcised penis is the circumcision scar on the ventral surface [...] When compared to the most sensitive area of the circumcised penis, several locations on the uncircumcised penis that are missing from the circumcised penis were significantly more sensitive."[26]
AAP brushes off findings as inconclusive
In the AAP's 2012 Circumcision Taskforce report, the issues of sensitivity reduction were given obligatory mention but largely glossed over, and little space was devotes to the topic.
At right is an easy-to-understand illustration of the Sorrells study showing the loss of tissues. Tissues show in color their relative sensitivity thresholds to light touch. sensitive tissue. On the infographic's opposite side: The AAP's expressed skepticism (quotes from their 2012 Circumcision Taskforce report) on whether loss of all that erogenous tissue could really affect sexual enjoyment.
Arguably, claiming there's no evidence that circumcision diminishes sexual enjoyment is essentially implying the obverse: that it's perfectly safe and reasonable to assume that the human foreskin, despite evolving over millions of years, has no anatomical significance in sexual mechanics, and has zero relevance to sexual pleasure and satisfaction. That statement sounds immediately absurd, however.
References
- ↑ a b c d e
Winkelmann, R.K.. "The Erogenous Zones: Their nerve supply and significance." Proceedings of the staff meetings of the Mayo Clinic. 1959; 34(2): 39-47. PMID. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ↑ a b c Dogiel, A.S.. Die Nervenendigungen in der Schleimhaut der äusseren Genitalorgane des Menschen. Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie. 1893; 41: 585-612.
- ↑ Dogiel, A.S.. Über die Nervenendapparate in der Haut des Menschen. Ztschr Wiss Zool. 1903; 75: 46-111.
- ↑ a b c d e Ohmori, D.. Über die Entwicklung der Innervation der Genitalapparate als peripheren Aufnahmeapperat der Genitalen Reflexe. Zeitschrift fur Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte. 1924; 70(1): 347-410.
- ↑ Yamada K. Studies in the innervation in tenth month human embryo. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951:54:151. Yamada K. On the sensory nerve terminations in clitoris in human adult. Tohoku J Exper Med 1951;54:163- 74.
- ↑ a b c Winkelmann, R.K.. The cutaneous innervation of human newborn prepuce. Journal of investigative dermatology. 1956; 26(1): 53–67. PMID.
- ↑ Winkelmann, R.K.. The mucocutaneous end-organ. Arch Dermatol. 1957; 76: 225-235.
- ↑ Krantz, K.E.. Innervation of the human vulva and vagina: a microscopic study. Obstet Gynecol. 1958; 12: 382-96.
- ↑
Butler AB, Hodos W (1996): Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation. Edition: 26. Wiley-Liss. ISBN 0471210056.
- ↑ Stenn KS, Bhawan J. The normal histology of the skin. in: Farmer ER. Hood AF. eds. Pathology of the Skin. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange. 1990.
- ↑ Moldwin RM, Valderrama E. Immunohistochemical analysis of nerve distribution patterns within preputial tissues. J Urol 1989 Apr;141(4):499A. (abstract)
- ↑ a b c d Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ. The prepuce: Specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision. British Journal of Urology International. 1996; 77(2): 291-295. PMID.
- ↑ a b Bazett HC, McGlone B, Williams RG, Lufkin HM. Depth, distribution and probable identification in the prepuce of sensory end-organs concerned in sensations of temperature and touch; thermometric conductivity. Archives of Neurology and psychiatry. 1 March 1932; 27(3): 489-517.
- ↑ Halata Z, Munger BL. The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility og the human glans penis. Brain Res 1986 Apr23;371(2):205-30.
- ↑ Cauna, Nikolajs, and Leonard L. Ross. "The fine structure of meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers." Journal of Cell Biology. 8.2 (1960): 467-82. Print. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.8.2.467
- ↑ Hoffmann et al. "Meissner corpuscles and somatosensory acuity." Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol (2004): 1138-47. Web.
- ↑ Bongiorno et al. "Neurofibromatosis of the nipple-areolar area: a case series." Journal of Medical Case Reports 4.22 (2010): n. pag. Web. 27 Dec 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-22
- ↑ Martini and Bartholomew. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. 3. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2010. Print.
- ↑ Afifi and Bergman. Functional neuroanatomy: text and atlas. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998. 16. Print. ISBN 0070015899
- ↑ C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor. "The prepuce." British Journal of Urology International. 83. (1999): 34-44. Print PMID 10349413
- ↑ Bazett, H.C. "Methods of investigation of sensation in man and the theoretical value of the results obtained." Proc. A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 15. (1935): 83-97. Print.
- ↑ Haiyang et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle in abundant prepuce and phimosis." Journal of Modern Urology (2005): n. pag. Web.
- ↑ Dong et al. "Observation of Meissner's corpuscle on fused phimosis." Journal of Guangdong Medical College 2007: n. pag. Web. ISSN:1005-4057.0.2007-01-004
- ↑ Taylor JR. The prepuce: What, exactly, is removed by circumcision: a preliminary report. In: Milos M,Richter L, Hodges F; eds. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Circumcision. 1991. SanAnselmo: NOCIRC. 1994.
- ↑ C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor. "The prepuce." British Journal of Urology International. 83. (1999): 34-44. Print PMID 10349413
- ↑ a b Morris L. Sorrells, James L. Snyder. Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis. BJU International. 22 October 2007; 99(4): 864–869. PMID. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
