Denmark
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Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a constitutional monarchy. The parliament is called the Folketing. The parliament is a unicameral body of 179 members.[1]
Denmark is a Nordic nation in Northern Europe. Like other Nordic nations, the people abhor child circumcision.
In 2013, children's ombudsmen from Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland, along with the Chair of the Danish Children's Council and the children's spokesperson for Greenland, passed a resolution that emphasized the decision to be circumcised should belong to the individual, who should be able to give informed consent.[2]
The Nordic Association of Clinical Sexologists (2013) supports the position of the Nordic Association of Ombudsmen who reason that circumcision violates the individual's human rights by denying the male child his ability to make the decision for himself.[3]
The medical doctors at Sørland Hospital in Kristiansand, Southern Norway have all refused to perform circumcisions on boys, citing reasons of conscience.[4]
One report indicates that six Danish political parties favor a ban on non-therapeutic child circumcision.[5]
Contents
Human rights
Denmark became a founder member of the Council of Europe on 5 May 1949.[6] As a member of the Council of Europe, Denmark is subject to the European Convention on Human Rights[7] and is pledged to advance the enumerated rights in its territory. It may be sued in the European Court of Human Rights for violations of its duty.
Medical science
Denmark has produced important medical studies regarding the foreskin.
Jakob Øster, a Danish physician in Randers, Denmark who conducted school examinations, reported his findings on the examination of school-boys in Denmark, where circumcision is rare. Øster (1968) found that the incidence of fusion of the foreskin with the glans penis steadily declines with increasing age and foreskin retractability increases with age.[8]
Morten Frisch et al. (2011) produced an important study elucidating the relationship between circumcision and sexual function difficulties.[9]
Intactivist organizations
Recent developments
The Danish Association of General Medicine declared:
The Health Agency has sent 'Guidance on Circumcision of Boys' in consultation. The DSAM's [Board] of Directors has discussed the draft consultation and agree that circumcision may only be performed when there is a medical indication for it. If circumcision is performed without a medical indication, it is a case of mutilation.[10]
The Danish Medical Association (Lægeforeningen) has recommended that no boys under the age of 18 be circumcised in Denmark. Lise Møller, the chairwoman of the doctors’ association’s ethics board, said:
To be circumcised should be an informed, personal choice. It is most consistent with the individual’s right to self-determination that parents not be allowed to make this decision but that it is left up to the individual when he has come of age.[11]
According to a poll taken in 2016, eighty-seven percent of Danes favor a ban on non-therapeutic circumcision of children.[12]
References
- ↑
Constitution of Denmark. (5 June 1953). Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑
Nordic Association of Children's Ombudsmen (30 September 2013). Let the boys decide for themselves
. Retrieved 3 November 2019.[] Tuesday, 1 October 2013 - ↑ Statement on Non-Therapeutic Circumcision of Boys.. Nordic Association of Clinical Sexologists, Helsinki, 10 October 2013.
- ↑
Faull, Solrun F. (30 August 2016)."Hospital doctors in Southern Norway will not circumcise boys".
- ↑ W, Christian (11 September 2020)."Denmark refuses to ban the ritual circumcision of boys", http://cphpost.dk, Copenhagen Post. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑
Denmark // 47 States, one Europe
. Retrieved 4 October 2020. - ↑ European Convention on Human Rights
, Council of Europe. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑
Øster, Jakob. Further Fate of the Foreskin: Incidence of Preputial Adhesions, Phimosis, and Smegma among Danish Schoolboys. Arch Dis Child. 1968; 43: 200-3. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ Frisch, Morten, Lindholm, Morten, Grønbæk, Morten. Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark.. Int J Epidemiol.. 14 June 2011; 40(5): 1367. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ {REFweb |url=https://www.arclaw.org/news/danish-doctors-call-circumcision-mutilation |title=Doctors are now speaking out: circumcision is a violation and should be banned |last=Havskov |first=Jens |date=2014-12-20 |accessdate=2020-10-05 }}
- ↑ (5 December 2016)."Danish Doctors Come Out Against Circumcision", https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org, The Local. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ↑ Da Vine, Lily. "Comparing Circumcision in Denmark to the US: Why the Danes are Ahead", https://thehomestead.guru, Homestead Guru. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
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