Republic of the Philippines
(The following text or part of it is quoted from the free Wikipedia article Tuli (rite)
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Tulì is a Filipino rite of male circumcision. It has a long historical tradition and is considered an obligatory rite of passage for males;[1] boys who have not undergone the ritual are labelled supót and face ridicule from their peers.[2]
Circumcision is not considered a religious rite as some four-fifths of Filipinos profess Roman Catholicism, which does not require it. Rather, circumcision is a social norm rooted in tradition that is followed by society at large. Most boys usually undergo the procedure not shortly after birth but prior to reaching puberty or before high school (around ages 10–14).
There exists two common ways of undergoing tuli: either the traditional way by a local village circumciser (known in Tagalog as having it done "de-pukpok") or having it done by medical practitioners in a hospital or clinical setting.
Traditional tuli is a dorsal slit of the foreskin.
Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "tuli" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Of the boys who had a tuli circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.[3]
References
- ↑
(6 May 2011)."Tuli a rite of passage for Filipino boys", GMA News Online. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ↑ (19 June 2019)."'Circumcision season': Philippine rite puts boys under pressure", Channel News Asia. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ↑
Boyle, Gregory J., Ramos, Samuel. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Filipino boys subjected to non-therapeutic ritual or medical surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2019; 42: 19-22. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
