Changes

The '''Fifth International Symposium''' convened at the [http://www.ox.ac.uk/ {{UNI|University of Oxford]|Oxon}}, Oxford, England, United Kingdom on 5-7 August 1998.

==Proceedings===== Section 1. Keynote Address ===* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_1 Evolutionary Cultural Ethics and Circumcision of Children]: — N. Toubia

=== Section 12. Keynote Address<br>The Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology of the Human Prepuce ===* [https://www.coloradonocirc.org/files/handouts/Anatomy_and_Physiology.pdf Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Penis]: — S. Scott* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_3 Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates: Evolutionary Cultural Ethics Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of the External Genitalia]: — C. J. Cold and Circumcision [[Ken McGrath|K. A. McGrath]]* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&ots=wANGDtjbEh&sig=7jojvzTJetGcxP7S8Qz2OaXYpFw#v=onepage&q&f=false Significance and Function of Children<br>Preputial Langerhans Cells]: — NG. L. ToubiaWilliams

=== Section 23. Current Research on Circumcision and Phimosis ===* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA37&ots=wANGDtk4zk&sig=uqGUAkePGUNJP471GN_FcTOnWg8#v=onepage&q&f=false The Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology History of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Human Prepuce<br>Present]: — [[Frederick M. Hodges|F. M. Hodges]]Anatomy * Diagnosis and Physiology Treatment of Phimosis: — S. C. Donnell* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_7 Anaesthesia for Circumcision: A Review of the Human Penis<br>Literature]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. S. Van Howe]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_8 Neonatal Circumcision and HIV Infection]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. S. Scott<br>Van Howe]]

Anatomy === Section 4. Genital Mutilation: Religious and Histology Cultural Considerations ===* Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands of the Penile Clergy: Religious Arguments about Male and Clitoral Prepuce in PrimatesFemale Circumcision: Evolutionary Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of the External Genitalia<br>— [[Sami Aldeeb|S. A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlich]]* Evangelical Christianity and Its Relation to Infant Male Circumcision: — C[[Jim Bigelow|J. D. JBigelow]]* [https://books. Cold and Kgoogle. com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA179&ots=GA2LgxOJFe&sig=J1NIElSagB7I9Dj5jC05K_v3Cy4#v=onepage&q&f=false AJewish Perspective on Circumcision]: — [[Jenny Goodman|J. McGrath<br>Goodman]]Significance and Function * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_12 Circumcision: An African Point of Preputial Langerhans Cells<br>View]: — G. LB. Tangwa* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_13 Unifying Language: Religious and Cultural Considerations]: — J. P. WilliamsBaker

=== Section 35. Current Research on Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation ===* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_14 Motivations for Modifications of the Human Body]: — G. Zwang* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_15 Psychoanalysis of Circumcision and Phimosis<br>]: — M. Tractenberg* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_16 Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures]: — J. MenageThe History * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_17 Tyranny of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Present<br>Victims: An Analysis of Circumcision Advocacy]: — F[[George C. Denniston|G. MC. Hodges<br>Denniston]]Diagnosis * Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Treatment Psychological Aspects of Phimosis<br>Mutilated/At-Risk Girls in Italy: A Bioethical Focus: — S[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo|P. CGrassivaro Gallo]], L. Araldi, [[Franco Viviani|F. Viviani]], and R. Donnell<br>GaddiniAnaesthesia for * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_19 Circumcisionin America in 1998: A Review Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of the Literature<br>American Physicians]: — [[Christopher Fletcher|C. R. SFletcher]]* Facing Circumcision: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories: — [[Betty Katz Sperlich|B. Katz Sperlich]] and [[Mary Conant|M. Van Howe<br>Conant]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_21 Neonatal Circumcision from a Primal Health Research Perspective]: — M. Odent* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_22 Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and HIV Infection<br>Culture]: — R. SJ. Van Howe<br><br>Zoske

=== Section 46. Genital MutilationForeskin Restoration: Religious Historical and Cultural Contemporary Considerations<br>===Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands * [http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/schultheiss/ The History of the ClergyForeskin Restoration]: Religious Arguments about Male and Femle Circumcision<br>— D. Schultheiss— S* [https://link.springer. Acom/chapter/10. Aldeeb Abu1007/978-0-585- Sahlich<br>Evangelical Christianity 39937-9_24 Current Practices in Foreskin Restoration: The State of Affairs in the United States, and Its Relation to Infant Male Circumcision<br>Results of a Survey of Restoring Men]: — JR. DW. Bigelow<br>GriffithsA Jewish Perspective on * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_25 Foreskin Restoration (CircumcisionReversal)]: — [[John Warren|J. Goodman<br>P. Warren]]Circumcision* [https: An African Point of View<br>— G//link.springer. Bcom/chapter/10. Tangwa<br>1007/978-0-585-39937-9_26 The Man Behind Restoration]Unifying Language: Religious and Cultural Considerations<br>— JM. PM. Baker<br><br>Lander

=== Section 57. Psychological Aspects of The World-Wide Campaign to End Genital Mutilation<br>===Motivations * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_27 A Comprehensive Approach for Modifications of the Human Body<br>Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt]: — G[[Sami Aldeeb|S. Zwang<br>Abd el Salam]]Psychoanalysis * [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_28 The History of Circumcision<br>in the United States: A Physician’s Perspective]: — [[Morris L. Sorrells|M. Tractenberg<br>Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures<br>— JL. Menage<br>Sorrells]]Tyranny of the Victims* [https: An Analysis of Circumcision Advocacy<br>— G//link.springer. Ccom/chapter/10. Denniston<br>Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilated1007/At978-0-585-Risk Girls 39937-9_29 Genital Mutilation in ItalyIreland: A Bioethical Focus<br>Public Health and Human Rights Report]: — PL. Grassivaro Gallo, LMassie* [https://link. Araldi, Fspringer. Viviani, and Rcom/chapter/10. Gaddini<br>1007/978-0-585-39937-9_30 Challenges to Circumcision in America in 1998Israel: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of American Physicians<br>The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation]: — CA. Zoossmann-Diskin and R. Fletcher<br>BlusteinFacing Circumcision* {https: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories<br>— B//link.springer. Katz Sperlich and Mcom/chapter/10. Conant<br>Neonatal from a Primal Health Research Perspective<br>1007/978-0-585-39937-9_31 Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision-Related Information]: — M. Odent<br>Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and Culture<br>— JM. Zoske<br><br>Sarkis

=== Section 68. Foreskin RestorationCurrent Problems in Medical Publications ===* [https: Historical and Contemporary Considerations<br>The History of Foreskin Restoration<br>— D//link.springer.com/chapter/10. Schultheiss<br>Current Practices 1007/978-0-585-39937-9_32 Peer-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in Foreskin RestorationAmerican Medical Publishing: The State of Affairs in Subverting the United States, and Results of a Survey of Restoring Men<br>Dominant Paradigm]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. WS. Griffiths<br>Van Howe]]Foreskin Restoration (* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA379&ots=GA2KpzMECk&sig=jFqDYQhV0sqAWil6LDZWXnQdJO8#v=onepage&q&f=false An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision Reversal)<br>in American Medical Literature]: — J[[Paul M. Fleiss|P. Warren<br>M. Fleiss]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_34 Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Man Behind Restoration<br>Role of an Editor]: — MH. MN. Lander<br><br>Whitfield

=== Section 79. The World-Wide Campaign to End Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation<br>===A Comprehensive Approach for Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt<br>— S. Abd el Salam<br>The History of Circumcision in the United States* [https: A Physician’s Perspective<br>— M//link. Lspringer. Sorrells<br>Genital Mutilation in Ireland: A Public Health and Human Rights Report<br>— Lcom/chapter/10. Massie<br>Challenges to Circumcision in Israel: The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation<br>— A. Zoossmann1007/978-0-Diskin and R. Blustein<br>Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision585-Related Information<br>— M. M. Sarkis<br><br> Section 8. Current Problems in Medical Publications<br>Peer39937-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Publishing: Subverting the Dominant Paradigm<br>— R. S. Van Howe<br>An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature<br>— P. M. Fleiss<br>Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Role of an Editor<br>— H. N. Whitfield<br><br> Section 9. Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation<br>9_35 Circumcision and Virtue Ethics<br>]: — M. M. Lander<br>* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA413&ots=GA2LgBUCIe&sig=0YCdCJNO5bfwL643sEza2bE7dBw#v=onepage&q&f=false Respect in the Context of Infant Male Circumcisiion: Can Ethics and Law Provide Insights?<br>]: — [[Margaret A. Somerville|M. A. Somerville<br>]]* [http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/price2/ Male Non-Therapeutic Circumcision: The Legal and Ethical Issues<br>]: — C. Price<br>* [https://arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Svoboda-Attaining-International-Acknowledgement-of-Male-Genital-Mutilation-as-a-Human-Rights-Violation-Denniston-Hodges-Milos-Male-and-Female-Circumcision-bk-1999.pdf Attaining International Acknowledgment of Male Genital Mutilation as a Human Rights Violation, and a Written Intervention<br>]: — [[J. Steven Svoboda|J. S. Svoboda<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_39 Some Thoughts on Legal Remedies<br>]: — [[David J. Llewellyn|D. J. Llewellyn<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_40 The Doctor as Expert Witness in United States Courts<br>]: — [[James L. Snyder|J. L. Snyder<br>]]* [[MEdia:1998-08-07-The_Oxford_Declaration.pdf|The Oxford Declaration: A Call for the Prohibition of the Genital Mutilatiion Mutilation of Children<br>]]: — C. [[Charles A. Bonner<br>]]

==Sponsor==