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'''Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans''' (BXO) is also known as '''Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus ''' (LSA).<ref name="freeman">Freeman C, Laymon CW. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/freeman1/ Balanitis xerotica obliterans]. ''Arch Dermat Syph'' (Chicago) 1941;44;(4):547-59.</ref><ref name="laymon">Laymon CW, Freeman C. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/laymon1/ Relationship of Balanitis xerotica obliterans to lichen sclerosus et atrophicus]. ''Arch Derm Syph'' (Chicago) 1944: 49; 57-9.</ref><ref name="parsad">Parsad D, R. Saini R. [http://www.vulvarpain.icomm.ca/parsad.html Oral Stanozolol in Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus]. ''J Am Acad Dermatol'' 1998; 38( 2) part 1: 278-9. (link to www.vulvarpain.icom.ca)</ref><ref name="finkbeiner">Finkbeiner AE. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/finkbeiner2003/ Balanitis xerotica obliterans: a form of lichen sclerosus]. ''South Med J'' 2003;96(1):7-8.</ref> First described in Germany by Stühmer in 1928,<ref name="stühmer">Stühmer A. Balanitis xerotica obiterans und ihre Beziehungen zur 'Kraurosis glandi et praeputii penis'. ''Arch Dermatol Syph'' (Berlin) 1928;156:613. DOI: 10.1007/BF01828558 ([http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2895227m2410756/ Abstract])</ref> it is a skin disease of unknown etiology<ref name="freeman" /> and occurs in both males and females. BXO is the name traditionally used when the disease afflicts the male sexual organs, while LSA is the name applied when the disease appears in a female or a male in other than the genital organs. An older name for BXO is ''kraurosis glandii et praeputii penis''.<ref name="freeman" /><ref name="McKay">McKay DL Jr, Fuqua F, Weinberg AG. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/mckay1/ Balanitis xerotica obliterans in children]. ''J Urol'' 1975;114(5):773-5.</ref>