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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a term often referred to by parents in discussions about [[circumcision]]. Many parents (esp. in the [[USA]]) believe that their legal parental rights cover the right to decide whether or not to circumcise their boys.
Basically, in most of the states that rely on universal [[human rights]] and the [[Laws#UN_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child|UN Convention on the Rights of the Child]], parents have extensive rights in the upbringing of their children. These rights are intended to protect against harmful influences from the state (indoctrination). Under no circumstances should these parental rights be understood as a free ticket to deal with the children as they wish. The well-being of the child is always in the foreground.
Therefore it is actually more correct to speak of '''parental duties''' and '''parental responsibility'''.
It should therefore go without saying that there can be no parental right to have healthy, [[intact ]] body parts cut off from their child without medical necessity and urgency.When a child is ill, it is the practice to allow a parent to grant limited surrogate informed permission for diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment.<ref name="aap1995">{{REFjournal |last=Bioethics Committee, American Academy of Pediatrics. |first= |author-link= |etal=no |title=Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice |trans-title= |language= |journal=Pediatrics |location= |date=1995-02 |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=314-7 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/AAP/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=7838658 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2023-3-17}}</ref>
== Europe ==
In the United Kingdom and the nations of the European Union,<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.gov.uk/parental-rights-responsibilities/who-has-parental-responsibility
|title=Parental rights and responsibilities: Who has parental responsibility - GOV.UK
|website=www.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref> parental responsibility refers to the rights and privileges which underpin the relationship between the children and the children's parents and those adults who are granted parental responsibility by either signing a 'parental responsibility agreement' with the mother or getting a 'parental responsibility order' from a court. The terminology for this area of law now includes matters dealt with as contact (visitation in the United States) and residence (see Residence in English law) in some states.
|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/36/section/1
|title=Children (Scotland) Act 1995
|website=www.legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
|title=Children Act 1989
|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/part/I
|website=www.legislation.gov.uk
|accessdate=2021-09-14
}}</ref>
== USA ==
In the [[United statesStates]], parental rights are not mentioned in the United States Constitution. There is in fact an amendment draft from 2008 which hasn't become valid yet.
The United States is a federal republic in which governmental responsibilities are divided between the sovereign states and the federal government. Family law regarding parental duties and responsibilities is a matter for the several states.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Arguments_pro_circumcision#Pseudo-parental_rights_arguments|Pseudo-parental rights arguments]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_rights|Parental rights|2021-09-14}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Parental_Rights_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution|Parental Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution|2021-09-14}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.intactamerica.org/dyk-parental-consent/
|title=“Do You Know?” About the Limits of Parental Consent
|last=
|first=
|init=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-02-01
|accessdate=2023-03-19
}}
{{REF}}
[[Category:Medical ethics]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Parental information]]
[[Category:Term]]
[[de:Elternrechte]]