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Islamism has not co-existed well with the other religions because of its aggressive manner of pushing [[Islam]] on non-Muslims with the sword and by such tactics as forced circumcision. For example, more than 300 British soldiers were captured by Muslims in 1780 and forcibly [[circumcised]].<ref name="fcirc">{{URLwikipedia|Forced_circumcision|Forced circumcision}}</ref>
India had long been governed by the British East India Company.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|East_India_Company|East India Company}}</ref> The British Raj assumed governance of India from the East India Company in 1858.<ref>{{URLwikipedia|British_Raj|British Raj}}</ref> The British Raj decided to partition India in 1947, essentially for to reduce religious reasonsstrife. Two regions in the north of India — East and West Pakistan — would be assigned to the Dominion of Pakistan, which would be a home for Muslims. East Pakistan later became Bangladesh.<ref name="partition1947">{{URLwikipedia|Partition_of_India|Partition of India}}</ref>
The remainder of the Dominion of India would would be a home for non-Muslims.
The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc" />
==Medical science==
Medical science is highly advanced in India. Studies by Indian doctors have contributed to our understanding of the intact [[penis]].