17,685
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
→Modern foreskin restoration: Relocate text.
}}</ref>
== Modern surgical foreskin restoration ==
Since the 1970s a new movement of [[foreskin restoration]] has emerged mainly in the [[United States]] not originating from social, religious, or political demands. With harmful non-therapeutic male infant [[circumcision]] being well established in America, more and more adult [[circumcised]] males are disturbed by the fact that the shape and function of their body had been altered after birth. Their main complaint is the loss of function; the prepuce is not just seen as a part of the human [[skin]] but referred to as a [[Foreskin#Sensory_functions| sensory organ]] of the body.<ref name="sorrells2007">{{Sorrells etal 2007}}</ref> [[Circumcision]] results in a lack the amputation of this organ and furthermore in a decrease of lubrication and sensibility of the [[glans]] because of increasing [[keratinization]] of the epithelium. Others are disturbed by the outer appearance of their [[circumcised]] [[penis]] and want to regain the natural status of a covered [[glans]] for physical and emotional wholeness and aesthetic body imaging. Some are additionally irritated by the feeling of being mutilated as an infant without the chance to have a free choice of their genital status. A high percentage of these patients even resent their parents, doctors, or culture for their [[circumcision]].<ref name="schultheiss1998"/><ref name="watson2017">{{REFjournal
|last=Watson
|first=Lindsay R.
|url=http://newmalestudies.com/OJS/index.php/nms/article/view/261/317
|quote=
|accessdate=2019-12-14
}}</ref>
|DOI=10.1016/s0007-1226(63)80123-x
|accessdate=2020-01-02
}}</ref> His article and the ones of the following years failed to give detailed information on the patient's motivation, and the authors were to a certain extent criticized for performing such a procedure at all. In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration. He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017" /> In 1963 Penn from Johannesburg, after performing a proximal circular incision and pulling forward the [[penile skin]] to form a new [[prepuce]], covered the denuded shaft with a "free graft", not indicating from where he took this graft.<ref name="penn1963" />
An American medical doctor had a surgical reconstruction of his [[foreskin]] performed in the 1970s. He recently released a NSFW report on his surgical foreskin restoration.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> His report does not represent current practice.
In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration . He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017" />
Goodwin covered the same defect in 1990 by implantation of the [[penis]] into the scrotum first and then liberating it in a second stage.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Goodwin
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3
|accessdate=2020-01-02
}}</ref> This procedure is almost identical to the method of Feriz mentioned earlier and had been slightly modified before by Greer in 1982.<ref name="greer1983">{{REFjournal
|last=Greer