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Phimosis

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Pathological phimosis
* <b>Alternative Intimacy Experiences:</b> Individuals with phimosis sometimes develop unique approaches to intimacy that focus on broader sensual experiences rather than conventional techniques.
 
Some men state that they prefer non-retractable foreskin over retractable foreskin.
 
==Physiologic phimosis==
[[Michel Beaugé| Beaugé]] (1997) states that adult phimosis persists when the individual uses unusual methods of [[masturbation]] that fail to stretch the narrow foreskin of [[Foreskin#Foreskin_in_infancy_and_childhood| childhood]].<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal
From a medical standpoint, an otherwise symptom-free [[phimosis]], even after dissolution of preputial adhesions, does not require any treatment before the child enters [[puberty]]. The widespread notion that full retractability has to be achieved by a certain age, derives from obsolete assumptions and studies which only covered children's development until they entered school, but not beyond that point.
Even though the data from [[Jakob Øster]]'s studies have been known for more than half a century,<ref name="Øster1968">{{OesterJ 1968}}</ref> some check lists for school doctors‘ examinations still erroneously refer to normal, healthy [[physiological phimosis]] as an abnormality.
In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" />
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of [[intact]] boys have a retractable [[foreskin]]and about 50 percent do not have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968"/><ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal
|last=Thorvaldsen
|init=MA
A [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] may be indicated in severe cases of pathological phimosis, where neither non-surgical methods with corticosteroid cream nor foreskin-preserving [[preputioplasty]] are promising (for example with chronic [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]]) or have failed in previous attempts.
==Pathological phimosis==
Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/ |title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision? |last=Milos |first= |init=MF |author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos |publisher=Intact America |date=2022-09-19 |accessdate=2024-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Rickwood
|first=
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-01-13
}}</ref> <ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/
|title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision?
|last=Milos
|first=
|init=MF
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2022-09-19
|accessdate=2024-10-24
}}</ref>
Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat [[frenulum breve]]. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn an attractive fee from performing a circumcision, so may be quick to recommend inappropriate and unnecessary injurious [[circumcision]] to an unwary patient.
==Hygiene==
The normal non-retractable foreskin may be easily flushed out with warm water and a [https://www.amazon.com/Syringe-Removing-Syringing-Medi-Grade/dp/B0842B1XMR?sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&psc=1 rubber-bulb type ear syringe]. Excessive washing and the use of soap should be avoided.<ref name="Birley1991">{{REFjournal
|last=Birley
|init=HDL
|author-link=
|last2=Wasker
|init2=MM
|last3=Luzzi
|init3=GA
|etal=yes
|title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing
|journal=Genitourin Med
|date=1993-10-01
|volume=69
|issue=5
|pages=400-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=8244363
|pubmedCID=1195128
|DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400
|accessdate=2025-12-05
}}</ref>
==Video==
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