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Created page with "{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_abuse ||Title=Physical abuse}} '''Physical abuse''' is any intentional act causing injury or Physical traum..."
{{WikipediaQuote |URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_abuse ||Title=Physical abuse}}
'''Physical abuse''' is any intentional act causing [[injury]] or [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include [[physical assault]] or [[physical violence]], and may also include [[sexual abuse]]. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
== Forms ==
Physical abuse means any non-accidental act or behavior causing [[injury]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]], or other physical [[suffering]] or [[bodily harm]]. Abusive acts toward children can often result from parents' attempts at [[child discipline]] through excessive [[corporal punishment]].<ref name=Humane>{{REFweb
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316155856/http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheets/child-physical-abuse.html
|title=Child physical abuse
|publisher=American Humane Association
|archived=yes
}}</ref><ref name=WebMD>{{REFjournal
|last=Giardino
|first=A.P.
|last2=Giardino
|first2=E.R.
|date=2008-12-12
|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915664-overview
|title=Child Abuse & Neglect: Physical Abuse"
|journal=MedScape
|website=WebMD
}}</ref>
== Causes ==
A number of causes of [[Child abuse#Physical abuse|physical abuse against children]] have been identified, the most common of which, according to Mash and Wolfe, being:
* many abusive and neglectful parents have had little exposure to positive parental models and supports.
* there is often a greater degree of stress in the family environment.
* information-processing disturbances may cause maltreating parents to misperceive or mislabel their child's behavior, which leads to inappropriate responses.
* there is often a lack of awareness or understanding of developmentally appropriate expectations.<ref name=Mash />
== Effects ==
Physically abused children are at risk for later interpersonal problems involving aggressive behavior, and adolescents are at a much greater risk for substance abuse. In addition, symptoms of depression, emotional distress, and [[suicidal ideation]] are also common features of people who have been physically abused. Studies have also shown that children with a history of physical abuse may meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).<ref name=Mash>{{REFbook
|last=Mash
|first=Eric
|title=Abnormal Child Psychology
|year=2010
|publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning
|location=Belmont, California
|ISBN=9780495506270
|pages=427-463
}}</ref> As many as one-third of children who experience physical abuse are also at risk to become abusive as adults<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Oliver
|first=J.E.
|date=1993
|title=Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: rates, research, and clinical implications
|journal=Am J Psychiatry
|volume=150
|issue=99
|pages=1314-1324
}}</ref>
{{REF}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Physical Abuse}}
[[de:Körperliche Misshandlung]]
'''Physical abuse''' is any intentional act causing [[injury]] or [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include [[physical assault]] or [[physical violence]], and may also include [[sexual abuse]]. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
== Forms ==
Physical abuse means any non-accidental act or behavior causing [[injury]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]], or other physical [[suffering]] or [[bodily harm]]. Abusive acts toward children can often result from parents' attempts at [[child discipline]] through excessive [[corporal punishment]].<ref name=Humane>{{REFweb
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316155856/http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheets/child-physical-abuse.html
|title=Child physical abuse
|publisher=American Humane Association
|archived=yes
}}</ref><ref name=WebMD>{{REFjournal
|last=Giardino
|first=A.P.
|last2=Giardino
|first2=E.R.
|date=2008-12-12
|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915664-overview
|title=Child Abuse & Neglect: Physical Abuse"
|journal=MedScape
|website=WebMD
}}</ref>
== Causes ==
A number of causes of [[Child abuse#Physical abuse|physical abuse against children]] have been identified, the most common of which, according to Mash and Wolfe, being:
* many abusive and neglectful parents have had little exposure to positive parental models and supports.
* there is often a greater degree of stress in the family environment.
* information-processing disturbances may cause maltreating parents to misperceive or mislabel their child's behavior, which leads to inappropriate responses.
* there is often a lack of awareness or understanding of developmentally appropriate expectations.<ref name=Mash />
== Effects ==
Physically abused children are at risk for later interpersonal problems involving aggressive behavior, and adolescents are at a much greater risk for substance abuse. In addition, symptoms of depression, emotional distress, and [[suicidal ideation]] are also common features of people who have been physically abused. Studies have also shown that children with a history of physical abuse may meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).<ref name=Mash>{{REFbook
|last=Mash
|first=Eric
|title=Abnormal Child Psychology
|year=2010
|publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning
|location=Belmont, California
|ISBN=9780495506270
|pages=427-463
}}</ref> As many as one-third of children who experience physical abuse are also at risk to become abusive as adults<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Oliver
|first=J.E.
|date=1993
|title=Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: rates, research, and clinical implications
|journal=Am J Psychiatry
|volume=150
|issue=99
|pages=1314-1324
}}</ref>
{{REF}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Physical Abuse}}
[[de:Körperliche Misshandlung]]