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'''Tissue expansion''' is a technique used by plastic, maxillofacial, and reconstructive surgeons to cause the body to grow additional [[skin]], bone, or other tissues.<ref name="whyitworks2021">{{REFweb

==Skin expansion==Skin expansion is a common surgical procedure to grow extra skin through controlled mechanical overstretch.<ref name="whyitworks2021" /> It creates skin that matches the color, texture, and thickness of the surrounding tissue, while minimizing scars and eliminating risk of rejection.

When skin [[Skin]] expansion is stretched beyond its physiological limit, mechanotransduction pathways are activated. This leads a common surgical procedure to cell growth as well as to the grow additional [[Mitosis| formation of new cellsskin]]through controlled mechanical overstretch.<ref name="whyitworks2021" />It creates [[skin]] that matches the color, texture, and thickness of the surrounding tissue, while minimizing scars and eliminating risk of rejection.

When [[skin]] is stretched beyond its physiological limit, mechanotransduction pathways are activated. This leads to cell growth as well as to the [[Mitosis| formation of new cells]].<ref name="whyitworks2021" /> The growth of tissue is permanent<ref>{{REFbook |last=Bigelow |first=Jim |init=J |author-link=Jim Bigelow |year=1995 |title=[[The Joy of Uncircumcising]] |work= |editor= |edition= |volume= |chapter=Ch. 13: Skin expansion:How it works and what it provides |scope= |page= |pages=132-9 |location=Aptos, but will contract to some degree when California |publisher=Hourglass Book Publishing |ISBN=0-934061-22-X |quote=The gain in sensitivity is the tension is removedfirst and most consistent benefit of restoration. |accessdate=2023-08-15 |note=}}</ref>

[[Stretching]] the [[skin ]] beyond normal expansion invokes several mechanotransduction pathways which increase [[mitosis| mitotic]] activity and promote collagen synthesis.<ref name="whyitworks2021" /> As a result, the [[skin ]] surface area increases.<ref>{{REFjournal

==Applications==

===Relief of phimosis or tight foreskin=== Tissue expansion by manual [[stretching ]] effectively widens the [[foreskin]] to treat [[phimosis]] or [[paraphimosis]].<ref>{{REFjournal

====A word to [[intact ]] teens==== Boys are born with a [[foreskin]] that is non-retractable for reasons of protection. The inner surface is fused with the [[glans penis]] by a [[synechia]] (similar to a fingernail that is glued to the nail bed of the finger). Also the tip of the [[foreskin ]] is too narrow to retract. As a boy gets older, the synechia disintegrates and releases the foreskin and the foreskin gets wider as a boy ages, so the foreskin gradually becomes [[Retraction of the foreskin| retractable]]. Some boys go through puberty but find that their [[foreskin]] is still too narrow to permit retraction.  Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who [[Masturbation| masturbate]] by pulling their foreskin away from the body, will not stretch the tight part of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin will persist. He advised changing the method of [[masturbation]] to the more conventional method of pulling the [[foreskin]] toward the body so that the narrow orifice get stretched.<ref name="beauge1997" />

Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who masturbate by pulling their foreskin away from The traditional way of addressing this issue was to consult a [[Issues with American urologists and the bodypractice of male circumcision| urologist]] and get a [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]], will not stretch however we now understand that in the tight part vast majority of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin cases, manual [[stretching]] over a few months will persist. He advised changing widen the method of [[masturbationforeskin]] to the more conventional method of pulling by tissue expansion, make the foreskin toward retractable and eliminate the body so that the narrow orifice get stretchedneed for a destructive [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name="beauge1997" />

===Foreskin restoration===Tissue expansion has also been used for the technique of non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]], which applies tension externally using specialized devices and/or manual stretching to replace circumcised tissues with newly expanded residual [[shaft skin]].<ref>{{REFjournal

Non-surgical tissue expansion techniques can expand one's surviving [[penile skin]], making it a longer tube so it can function like a [[foreskin]].<ref name="collier2011">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> Men who have been [[circumcised ]] stretch and apply tension to their shaft and foreskin remnants to expand and elongate tissue in efforts to produce a functional [[foreskin]]. This form of tissue expansion can take years, as the amount of [[skin ]] growth required is typically around 15 square inches.<ref>{{REFweb

|first=Tim |init=T |author-link=Tim Hammond

|website=[[NOHARMM]]

|format= |quote=}}</ref> This process does not regenerate or restore the function of the [[frenulum]] or the [[ridged band]]. It does, however, typically involve growing more [[shaft skin ]] and [[preputial mucosa]], which serves to moisten and protect the [[glans penis|glans]]. Men who have restored their [[foreskin ]] typically notice increased sensitivity and [[dekeratinization ]] of the glans.<ref>{{REFweb

|trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |publisher= |website=Circumcision Information and Resource Pages[[CIRP]]

===Excessive circumcision=Lengthening one's foreskin==

Men who have been circumcised sometimes report that there is not enough skin left There are several reasons a person would want to allow full erection of lengthen his existing [[foreskin]]. The longer the [[penisforeskin]]is, so the more securely it will stay protectively in place over the [[glans penis is shorter than before ]]. Many regard a longer foreskin or [[acroposthion]] as more esthetically pleasing. A longer foreskin provides better protection against [[circumcisionkeratinization]]than a shorter foreskin. They may A longer foreskin also experience tight, painful erections. In such cases, tissue expansion may help to get full length and relieve pain during erectionallows a longer [[gliding action]] with better sensation than a shorter foreskin.

===Short natural foreskins===Intact men who have a short natural [[foreskin]] may use tissue expansion to lengthen their [[foreskin]]. It frequently results in [http://acroposthion.com/ancient-greeks-and-the-foreskin/ improved appearance] as well as increased comfort and sensation with improved [[gliding action]]. One uses the same techniques as are used for for non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]].