Changes

After three randomized controlled trials designed to collect experimental evidence of a causal relationship between lack of circumcision and [[HIV]], the WHO and the Joint United Nations Programme on [[HIV]]/[[AIDS ]] (UNAIDS) stated that male circumcision is an efficacious intervention for [[HIV]] prevention but should be carried out by well trained medical professionals and under conditions of informed consent (parents consent for their infant boys). Both the WHO and CDC indicate that circumcision may not reduce [[HIV]] transmission from men to women, and that data is lacking for the transmission rate of men who engage in anal sex with a female partner. The joint WHO/UNAIDS recommendation also notes that circumcision only provides partial protection from [[HIV]] and should never replace known methods of [[HIV]] prevention.