Changes

The '''Fifth International Symposium''' convened at the [http://www.ox.ac.uk/ {{UNI|University of Oxford]|Oxon}}, Oxford, England, United Kingdom on 5-7 August 1998.

* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_1 Evolutionary Cultural Ethics and Circumcision of Children<br>]: — N. Toubia

* [https://www.coloradonocirc.org/files/handouts/Anatomy_and_Physiology.pdf Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Penis<br>]: — S. Scott<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_3 Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates: Evolutionary Perspective of Specialized Sensory Tissue of the External Genitalia<br>]: — C. J. Cold and [[Ken McGrath|K. A. McGrath<br>]]* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&ots=wANGDtjbEh&sig=7jojvzTJetGcxP7S8Qz2OaXYpFw#v=onepage&q&f=false Significance and Function of Preputial Langerhans Cells<br>]: — G. L. Williams

* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0EyBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA37&ots=wANGDtk4zk&sig=uqGUAkePGUNJP471GN_FcTOnWg8#v=onepage&q&f=false The History of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Present<br>]: — [[Frederick M. Hodges|F. M. Hodges<br>]]* Diagnosis and Treatment of Phimosis<br>: — S. C. Donnell<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_7 Anaesthesia for Circumcision: A Review of the Literature<br>]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. S. Van Howe<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_8 Neonatal Circumcision and HIV Infection<br>]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. S. Van Howe<br><br>]]

* Muslims’ Genitalia in the Hands of the Clergy: Religious Arguments about Male and Femle Female Circumcision<br>: — [[Sami Aldeeb|S. A. Aldeeb Abu- Sahlich<br>]]* Evangelical Christianity and Its Relation to Infant Male Circumcision<br>: — [[Jim Bigelow|J. D. Bigelow<br>]]* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA179&ots=GA2LgxOJFe&sig=J1NIElSagB7I9Dj5jC05K_v3Cy4#v=onepage&q&f=false A Jewish Perspective on Circumcision]: — [[Jenny Goodman|J. Goodman<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_12 Circumcision: An African Point of View<br>]: — G. B. Tangwa<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_13 Unifying Language: Religious and Cultural Considerations<br>]: — J. P. Baker<br><br>

* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_14 Motivations for Modifications of the Human Body<br>]: — G. Zwang<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_15 Psychoanalysis of Circumcision<br>]: — M. Tractenberg<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_16 Post Trumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures<br>]: — J. Menage<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_17 Tyranny of the Victims: An Analysis of Circumcision Advocacy<br>]: — [[George C. Denniston|G. C. Denniston<br>]]* Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilated/At-Risk Girls in Italy: A Bioethical Focus<br>: — [[Pia Grassivaro Gallo|P. Grassivaro Gallo]], L. Araldi, [[Franco Viviani|F. Viviani]], and R. Gaddini<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_19 Circumcision in America in 1998: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Charges of American Physicians<br>]: — [[Christopher Fletcher|C. R. Fletcher<br>]]* Facing Circumcision: Eight Physicians Tell Their Stories<br>: — [[Betty Katz Sperlich|B. Katz Sperlich ]] and [[Mary Conant|M. Conant<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_21 Neonatal Circumcision from a Primal Health Research Perspective<br>]: — M. Odent<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_22 Celebrating Phallos: Healing Men and Culture<br>]: — J. Zoske<br><br>

* [http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/schultheiss/ The History of Foreskin Restoration<br>]: — D. Schultheiss<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_24 Current Practices in Foreskin Restoration: The State of Affairs in the United States, and Results of a Survey of Restoring Men<br>]: — R. W. Griffiths<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_25 Foreskin Restoration (Circumcision Reversal)<br>]: — [[John Warren|J. P. Warren<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_26 The Man Behind Restoration<br>]: — M. M. Lander<br><br>

* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_27 A Comprehensive Approach for Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt<br>]: — [[Sami Aldeeb|S. Abd el Salam<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_28 The History of Circumcision in the United States: A Physician’s Perspective<br>]: — [[Morris L. Sorrells|M. L. Sorrells<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_29 Genital Mutilation in Ireland: A Public Health and Human Rights Report<br>]: — L. Massie<br>* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_30 Challenges to Circumcision in Israel: The Israeli Association Against Genital Mutilation<br>]: — A. Zoossmann-Diskin and R. Blustein<br>* {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_31 Activism on the World Wide Web: The Role of the Internet in the Dissemination of Circumcision-Related Information<br>]: — M. M. Sarkis<br><br>

* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_32 Peer-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Publishing: Subverting the Dominant Paradigm<br>]: — [[Robert S. Van Howe|R. S. Van Howe<br>]]* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA379&ots=GA2KpzMECk&sig=jFqDYQhV0sqAWil6LDZWXnQdJO8#v=onepage&q&f=false An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature<br>]: — [[Paul M. Fleiss|P. M. Fleiss<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_34 Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature: The Role of an Editor<br>]: — H. N. Whitfield<br><br>

* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_35 Circumcision and Virtue Ethics<br>]: — M. M. Lander<br>* [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ljZZ9ZvD_kQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA413&ots=GA2LgBUCIe&sig=0YCdCJNO5bfwL643sEza2bE7dBw#v=onepage&q&f=false Respect in the Context of Infant Male Circumcisiion: Can Ethics and Law Provide Insights?<br>]: — [[Margaret A. Somerville|M. A. Somerville<br>]]* [http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/price2/ Male Non-Therapeutic Circumcision: The Legal and Ethical Issues<br>]: — C. Price<br>* [https://arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Svoboda-Attaining-International-Acknowledgement-of-Male-Genital-Mutilation-as-a-Human-Rights-Violation-Denniston-Hodges-Milos-Male-and-Female-Circumcision-bk-1999.pdf Attaining International Acknowledgment of Male Genital Mutilation as a Human Rights Violation, and a Written Intervention<br>]: — [[J. Steven Svoboda|J. S. Svoboda<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_39 Some Thoughts on Legal Remedies<br>]: — [[David J. Llewellyn|D. J. Llewellyn<br>]]* [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-585-39937-9_40 The Doctor as Expert Witness in United States Courts<br>]: — [[James L. Snyder|J. L. Snyder<br>]]* [[MEdia:1998-08-07-The_Oxford_Declaration.pdf|The Oxford Declaration: A Call for the Prohibition of the Genital Mutilatiion Mutilation of Children<br>]]: — C. [[Charles A. Bonner<br>]]

* [[First {{Template:List of International Symposium]]* [[Second International Symposium]]* [[Third International Symposium]]* [[Fourth International Symposium]]Symposiums}}