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[[Informed consent]] must be obtained. They stated:
<blockquote>
Specifically, the patient should be told about the risks of bleeding, hematoma formation, infection, inadvertent damage to the glans, removal of too much or too little [[skin]], aesthetically unpleasing results and a change of sensation during intercourse. The patient should also be informed that, during the postoperative period, erections [[erection]]s can cause pain and disruption of the suture line that may require replacement of the sutures. Full recovery following circumcision generally requires four to six weeks of abstinence from all genital stimulation and sexual activity.<ref name="holman1999" />
</blockquote>
In regard to complications, Holman & Stuessi reported:
<blockquote>
As with any surgical procedure, bleeding and infection are probably the most common complications of circumcision in adult patients; however, accurate statistics are not available. Other complications include hematoma formation, diffuse swelling, pain from inadequate anesthesia, poor cosmesis, tearing of the sutures due to [[erection ]] before healing is complete and anesthetic complications. Some patients may also note an unpleasant heightened sensitivity during intercourse. Infection can be treated with local or parenteral antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection. Bleeding can be controlled with pressure, an absorbable gelatin sponge product (i.e., Gelfoam), electrocautery or ligatures. None of these techniques can be preferentially recommended based on differences in complication rate or severity.<ref name="holman1999" />
</blockquote>
One may also expect pain when the sensitive [[glans penis]] is exposed to friction from clothing, etc. It is no longer protected by the [[foreskin]], so there is not much you can do about it.
One may also expect painful erections[[erection]]s, depending on how much [[skin]] was removed. Depending on how much [[skin]] was removed, there may not be enough [[skin]] left to allow for shaft expansion during [[erection ]] and this may cause painful erections[[erection]]s.
One may also experience phantom pain from neuromas that form at the incision where nerves were severed.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{REFjournal
Kim & Pang (2007) studied the effect of adult circumcision on 138 males in South Korea. They concluded:
<blockquote>There were no significant differences in sexual drive, [[erection]], ejaculation, and ejaculation latency time between circumcised and uncircumcised men. Masturbatory pleasure decreased after circumcision in 48% of the respondents, while 8% reported increased pleasure. Masturbatory difficulty increased after circumcision in 63% of the respondents but was easier in 37%. About 6% answered that their sex lives improved, while 20% reported a worse sex life after circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Kim
|first=DaiSik
===Other adverse effects===
# Circumcision is a surgical [[amputation]] of functional tissue. The various functions cease to operate. If the patient does not like the results, it cannot be reversed or undone.
# Recovery from adolescent or adult circumcision is slow and painful. Erections [[Erection]]s are painful because the [[skin]] is stretched and the sutures are stressed. [[Wound dehiscence]] may occur.
# The [[foreskin]] is protective of the [[glans penis]]. After the foreskin is amputated, the glans penis is exposed so that it touches clothing and other things. Some men report this causes extreme pain so that they cannot wear pants for an extended time. The pain subsides when the glans penis starts to build a layer of keratin to protect itself. The [[keratinization]] of the glans penis causes loss of sensation in the glans.
# The foreskin has [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin| immunological functions]] that protect from disease. Circumcised populations have a higher incidence of [[HIV]] than intact populations.<ref name="denniston2020">{{REFdocument
# The heavily innervated [[ridged band]] is located on the foreskin and is always amputated along with the foreskin. The most sensitive regions in the intact penis are those parts ablated by circumcision.<ref>{{Sorrells etal 2007}}</ref> There is great loss of sensation caused by the [[amputation]] of this structure. It appears that many intact males are unaware of the source of sensation and are shocked by the loss of sensation after circumcision.
# The abundance of [[skin]] in the foreskin allows [[gliding action]]. Gliding action facilitates [[masturbation]] and [[vagina| intercourse]]. The shortening of penile [[skin]] reduces or eliminates gliding action. The loss of gliding action may cause [[dyspareunia]].
# Painful erections [[erection]]s may occur due to lack of sufficient [[skin]] to allow for expansion of the penis.
# The erect penis may be shorter due to lack of sufficient [[skin]] to allow full expansion.
# There always will be a [[circumcision scar]] that encircles the shaft of the penis.