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# [[Morten Frisch]] & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that [[circumcised]] men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than [[intact]] men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{FrischM SimonsenJ 2021}}</ref>
No association between lack ==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection===== Population-based studies ==={{Population-based studies}}===Two African surveys===The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:<blockquote>In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and risk of VMMC on HIV infection was found by either not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The studyquestions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-11-09}}</ref> </blockquote>
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'''Helen A. Weiss''', {{MS}}, DPhil is a statistical epidemiologist at the [https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]. Helen's research focuses on [[HIV]] epidemiology in developing countries. She works in the Tropical Epidemiology Group.<ref>{{REFweb
|quote=
|url=http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/weiss.helen
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Weiss has been a co-author of numerous papers to promote male circumcision in Africa ([[VMMC]]) in the mistaken belief that it prevents [[HIV]] infection. She obviously is [[Bias| biased ]] in favor of circumcision.==Population-based studies== September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of [[circumcision]] and HIV infection: # Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal |last=MayanWeiss |first=Madhur |init=MHA
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|last2=HamiltonQuigley |first2=Robert J. |init2=RJMA
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|last3=JuurlinkHayes |first3=David N. |init3=DN |author3-link= |last4=Austin |first4=Peter C. |init4=PC |author4-link= |last5=Jarvi |first5=Keith A. |init5=KA |author5-link=RJ
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision Male circumcision and Risk risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canadainfection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis |trans-title= |language= |journal=J UrolAIDS |location= |date=20212000-0910-20 |volume=14 |issue=15 |article= |page= |pages=2361-2370 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1097/JU.0000000000002234 |archived= |quote=We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada. |pubmedID=3455159311089625 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.000000000000223400002030-200010200-00018 |accessdate=20212022-1011-0209
}}</ref>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
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|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
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|journal=J Biosoc Sci
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|date=2022-10-26
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|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
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|pubmedID=36286328
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|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-09
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{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Bias]]
* [[United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:Jewish]]
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[[Category:WHO]]