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==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In the his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa.He reported:.<blockquote>The previously reported In couple studies were , the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from developed Western nationsfemale to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |first=Michel |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. Now we have information from Africagov/35373731/ |date=2022-04-04 |journal=J Biosoc Sci |volume=online ahead of print |pages=1-16 |DOI=10. 1017/S0021932022000153 |pubmedID=35373731 |accessdate=2022-10-28}}</ref> </blockquote> In his second report, Garenne (2022) presents presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations(Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reports reported:<blockquote> "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-10-27
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]