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{{Construction Site}}The relationship of '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' has not been well explored. Violence is defined as "behavior or treatment in which physical force is exerted for the purpose of causing damage or injury".,<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> We do hoewever have however there is some informationavailable.==Violence due to loss of body pleasure==The human [[prepuce ]] is highly innervated tissue<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> and has long been known for its erogenous quality.<ref name="ErogenousZones">{{WinkelmannRK 1959}}</ref> Falliers (1970) commented on the "sensory pleasure induced by tactile stimulation of the [[foreskin]]."<ref name="falliers1970">{{REFjournal

Developmental neuropsychologist [[James W. Prescott]], {{PhD}}, a developmental neuropsychologist, (1975) related connected loss of sensory body pleasure to increases in violent behavior.According to Dr. Prescott:

''As a developmental neuropsychologist I have devoted a great deal of study to the peculiar relationship between violence and pleasure. I am now convinced that the deprivation of physical sensory pleasure is the principal root cause of violence. Laboratory experiments with animals show that pleasure and violence have a reciprocal relationship, that is, the presence of one inhibits the other. A raging, violent animal will abruptly calm down when electrodes stimulate the pleasure centers of its brain. Likewise, stimulating the violence centers in the brain can terminate the animal's sensual pleasure and peaceful behavior. When the brain's pleasure circuits are 'on,' the violence circuits are 'off,' and vice versa. Among human beings, a pleasure-prone personality rarely displays violence or aggressive behaviors, and a violent personality has little ability to tolerate, experience, or enjoy sensuously pleasing activities. As either violence or pleasure goes up, the other goes down.''<ref>{{REFjournal

The performance of a circumcision operation actually takes minimal physical force, but it makes up for the lack of force by the great damage to the [[penis]] and its many protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions,<ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> and also by the extreme [[Pain| pain and trauma]] that it inflicts. Ramos & Boyle (2001) studied the psychological effects of [[circumcision]] on Filipino boys. They reported that sixty-nine percent of traditionally circumcised boys and fifty-one percent of medically [[circumcised]] boys subsequently met the criteria for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder ([[PTSD]]).<ref name="ramos-boyle2001">{{REFbook

}}</ref>  ==Adult reenactmentReligious circumcision and violence==Famed trauma expert ===Judaism===It is not clear when the Jews started circumcision, but is clear that it was done in 1406 BCE at [[httpsGilgal]] in what must have been a highly traumatic event. Michael Glass (2003) observed that the circumcisions at Gilgal were to create warriors. He saw a connection between circumcision and violence.<ref name="glass2003">{{REFweb |url=http://besselvanderkolkwww.netcirp.org/pages/cultural/glass3/ |title=What the Bible Reveals About Circumcision and Sexual Violence |last=Glass |first=Michael |init= |author-link=Michael Glass |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |date=2003-04 |accessdate=2022-11-11}}</index.html Bessell van der Kolkref> According to Professor [[Leonard Glick]], Chapter 17 (containing the alleged [[Abrahamic covenant]]) was not added to the book of Genesis until after the Babylonian captivity, Mwhich ended in 538 BCE. D The [[Brit Milah]] in which a [[circumcised]] [[mohel]] reenacts his own traumatic circumcision upon a newborn boy on the eighth day of life is a standard feature of [[Judaism]]. Jewish philosophers [[Philo]] (1989) reported and [[Moses Maimonides]] both believed that traumatized persons tend to repeat reduction of body pleasure was a positive attribute of circumcision. ===Islam===Although [[circumcision]] is never mentioned in the trauma on themselves or othersQur'an, resulting male circumcision is deeply rooted in harm the Muslim tradition. Muhammad is reported to othershave prescribed cutting the [[foreskin]] as a ''fitrah'', harm a measure of personal cleanliness. Modern Muslims see circumcision as essential to selftheir faith, or being re-victimizedalthough they have also come to lean on arguments of "medical benefits." A conference of Islamic scholars in 1987 stated that modern circumcision studies “[reflect] the wisdom of the Islamic statements”. He writes:<blockquoteref>{{GollaherDL 2000}}</ref>Some traumatized people remain preoccupied with The Muslim code of religious law (AKA Shariah) recommends performance of [[circumcision]] at the trauma age of seven days. In practice, however, Muslim boys are [[circumcised]] by circumcised men at the expense varying ages before puberty,<ref>{{REFbook |last=Morgenstern |first=Julian |init=J |title=Rites of other life experiences Birth, Marriage, Death and continue to reKindred Occasions among the Semites |location=Chicago |publisher=Quadrangle Books |year=1966 |pages=48-create it 66 |quote=...in some form for themselves or for othersmodern Moslem practice the rite is performed generally between the ages of two and seven years... as late as the thirteenth year.}}</ref><ref name>{{REFbook |last=Mehta |first=Depak |chapter=Circumcision, Body, Masculinity |title=Violence and Subjectivity |editors=Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, et al. |location=Berkeley |publisher={{UNI|University of California|UCBE}} Press |year=2000 |page=82 |quote=...two to six years.}}</ref> however, it is no less injurious or traumatic and it still deprives the individual of body pleasure. [[Islam]] has a long, violent tradition of using the sword to advance Islam. The ''jihad'' is a so-called "holy war" to advance Islam against "vanderkolk1989infidels".<ref>{{REFjournalREFweb |url=https://probe.org/islam-and-the-sword/ |title=Islam and the Sword |last=van der KolkClosson |first=BessellDon |init=B |authorpublisher=Probe Ministries |date=2002-05-link27 |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref> Beheadings (decapitations) may be carried out by (circumcised) Islamic warriors against infidels (non-Muslims).<ref>{{REFweb |etalurl=nohttps://www.meforum.org/4807/beheading-infidels-how-allah-heals-the-hearts |title=The compulsion to repeat Beheading Infidels: How Allah 'Heals the trauma: reHearts of Believers' |last=Ibrahim |first=Raymond |init= |publisher=Middle East Forum |date=2014-09-11 |accessdate=2022-11-enactment07}}</ref> We should not forget that the violent attack on the [[United States]] on 11 September 2001 that caused 2, revictimization996 deaths and about 25, 000 injuries was allegedly led and masochismorchestrated by a [[circumcised]] Saudi Muslim named Osama bin Laden.<ref>{{REFweb |journalurl=Psychiatr Clin North Amhttps://military.id.me/news/exposed-hillary-email-touches-upon-osama-bin-ladens-circumcision/ |title=Exposed Hillary Email Touches Upon Osama Bin Laden’s Circumcision |locationlast=Hall |first=Blake |dateinit=1989-06 |volumepublisher=12The Sit Rep |issuedate=22015-10-02 |pagesaccessdate=3892022-11-41107}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb |url=httphttps://www.cirpthe-sun.orgcom/librarynews/psych3600036/vanderkolkhow-many-people-died-9-11-attacks/ |quotetitle=How many people died in the 9-11 attacks |last=Roback |pubmedIDfirst=2664732Jennifer |pubmedCIDinit= |DOIpublisher=U.S. Sun |date=2022-09-11 |accessdate=20192022-1211-0807}}</ref>  ==A survey of nations==Independent researcher [[Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau]] divided nations by the prevalence of [[circumcision]]. He placed nations where more than 50 percent of males are [[circumcised]] in the first category. He placed nations where less than 50 percent of males are circumcised in the second category. He collected statistical data on death penalty, wars, tortures, and excisions by nation. He found a higher rate of these items in the nations where circumcision is the practice. He also reported an "almost absolute" correlation between the practice of circumcision and [[genocide]].<ref>{{REFdocument |title=Violence and Circumcision |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358044554_Violence_circumcision |contribution= |last=Bertaux-Navoiseau |first=Michel H. |author-link=Michel Hervé Bertaux-Navoiseau |publisher=Research Gate |format= |date=2022-01 |accessdate=2022-11-09}}</blockquoteref>

Lloyd De Mause {{SEEALSO}}* [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (1996ACEs) argued that early trauma results in aggressive adult behavior.]]<blockquote>* [[Injury]]That America has arranged to have more people on welfare – Gingrich’s* [[Physical abuse]]dreaded “underclass” – than any other industrialized country is a clue to why* [[Trauma]]nations need poor people to punish for their prosperity. Since it is prosperity and{{LINKS}}threats of intolerable individuation that trigger the restaging of trauma, it makes* {{REFwebpsychohistorical sense that America today – the most prosperous and freest nationof any in history – has more women and children living in poverty than any otherindustrialized nation |url=http://www.cirp. Nor is it coincidental that the world’s wealthiest countryorg/pages/cultural/glass3/has |title=What the highest child homicide rate Bible Reveals About Circumcision and the most newborn boys [[circumcised]], both indices of society’s hostility towards children.<ref name="demause1996">{{REFjournalSexual Violence |last=deMauseGlass |first=LloydMichael

|etalpublisher=no |title=Restaging Fetal Traumas in War and Social Violence |journal=Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Journal |locationwebsite= |date=1996 |volumeaccessdate=23 |issue=4 |pages=3442023-09-92 |url=http://www.mattes.de/buecher/praenatale_psychologie/PP_PDF/PP_08_2_deMause.pdf19 |archivedformat=

|pubmedID=11609155 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2022-11-05}}</ref></blockquote>

[[Category:termTerm]][[Category:Psychology]][[Category:Judaism]][[Category:Islam]][[Category:Violence]]