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On the other hand, parents acting as representatives of their children cannot consent to operations that are not medically necessary. <ref name="aap1995">{{REFjournal |last=Bioethics Committee, American Academy of Pediatrics. |first= |author-link= |etal=no |title=Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice |trans-title= |language= |journal=Pediatrics |location= |date=1995-02 |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=314-7 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/AAP/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=7838658 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2023-3-17}}</ref> This is misunderstood by some parents. Especially in societies where the child's right to [[physical integrity ]] is still often disregarded by medical staff in clinics and hospitals, since [[circumcision]] is very profitable, many parents believe that the doctors are not doing anything wrong. In addition, doctors often ask parents to consent to operations on their children that are not medically necessary. Most parents will not know that doctors have no legal right to request this proxy consent. Such consent to operations on children that are not medically necessary is invalid per se; the doctor and parents are liable to prosecution.