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→Infection with human papilloma virus: Improve citations.
|volume=37
|pages=55-59
|pubmedID=3000954
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1002/ijc.2910370110
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-08
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Villa
|issue=6
|pages=853-5
|pubmedID=3000954
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-08
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=McCance
|issue=823
|pages=195-206
|pubmedID=3011085
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/0304-419x(86)90002-8
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-08
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Barrasso
|issue=15
|pages=916-23
|pubmedID=3041217
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-08
}}</ref> [[Ronald L. Poland| Poland]] identified human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 as the cause of penile and cervical cancers in 1990, and that they could be spread by sexual contact.<ref name="poland1990">{{REFjournal
|last=Poland
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1056/NEJM199005033221811
|accessdate=2023-09-07
}}</ref> At least one study suggests that [[circumcised]] men are at higher risk for HPV infection,<ref name="cook1993">{{REFjournal
|last=Cook
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-07
}}</ref> making being [[circumcised]] a risk factor.
===Use of tobacco===