Changes

The term "'''Gliding action'''" is used to describe the way the [[foreskin]] moves without friction during [[sexual intercourse]].<ref name="hill2007">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> The [[foreskin]] is internally lubricated with body fluid[[lymph]], so it glides frictionlessly over the shaft and [[Preputial mucosa|inner layer]] of foreskin. This mechanism was described by Lakshamanan & Prakash (1980), stating that "[t]he outer layer of the prepuce in common with the [[shaft skin|skin of the shaft]] of the [[penis]] glides freely in a to and fro fashion..."<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> The gliding action allows for prolonged intercourse.<ref>{{REFbook

Several people have argued that the gliding movement of the [[intact]] [[foreskin ]] is important during [[sexual intercourse]]. [[John Warren| Warren]] & [[Jim Bigelow|Bigelow]] (1994) state that gliding action would help to reduce the effects of vaginal dryness and that restoration of the gliding action is an important advantage of [[foreskin restoration]].<ref name="warren-bigelow">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> Taylor (2000) suggests suggested that the gliding action, where it occurs, may stimulate the nerves of the [[ridged band]],<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> and speculates speculated (2003) that the [[stretching]] of the [[frenulum]] by the rearward [[gliding action]] during penetration triggers [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> When the [[foreskin]] glides, all of the [[skin]] of the [[penis ]] moves, so stimulation of the [[Meissner's corpuscles]] in the [[skin]] ''occurs over the whole length of the penis''.<ref name="garcía-mesa2021">{{REFjournal

|init2=J

Taves (2002) reported that the presence and motion of the [[foreskin]] greatly reduces the force required for intromission of the [[penis ]] into the [[vagina]].<ref name="taves2002">{{REFjournal

== The [[circumcised ]] penis ==

Removal of the [[foreskin]] permanently exposes the [[glans penis]], tightens the residual [[shaft skin]] and reduces or eliminates gliding action. It also results in [[keratinization]] or callousing of the [[glans penis]] because of chafing and abrasion from clothing, leading to loss of sensation. Removal of the [[foreskin]] can lead to [[trauma]] of the [[penis]] (friction irritation) during [[masturbation]] due to the loss of the gliding action of the foreskin and greater friction, requiring the need of [[Masturbation#Lubrication| artificial lubrication]]. During sex, the loss of gliding action is also thought to cause pain, dryness, and trauma to in the [[vagina]] of the female partner.<ref name="warren-bigelow"/> The [[trauma]] and abrasions of the vagina can lead to easier entry of [[Circumcision and STDs| sexually transmitted diseases]].<ref name="Bullough2014">{{REFbook

One study showed that the loss of the [[foreskin]] resulted in decreased masturbatory pleasure and sexual enjoyment.<ref name='KimPang2007'>{{REFjournal |last=Kim |first=DaiSik |init=D |last2=Pang |first2=Myung-Geol |init2=MG |title=The effect of male circumcision on sexuality |journal=BJU Int |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=619–622 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/kim2006/ |quote= |pubmedID=17155977 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x |date=KimDS PangMG 2007-03 |accessdate=2014-02-09}}</ref> == The restored penis ==

Non-surgical == The [[Restored foreskin restoration]] by [[tissue expansion]] increases [[skin]] mobility, restores the gliding action, and improves sensation and [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual functionrestored]].penis ==