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Pain
,→Intraoperative pain: Wikify.
# Finally, in another, painful step, the foreskin must be cut away.<ref name="bellini2022 />
Lander et al. (1997) conducted a comparison neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision without anesthesia (current practice in 1997), [[ring block]], [[dorsal penile nerve block]], and a topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics ([[EMLA]]).<ref name="lander1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Lander
|init=J
With no anesthesia, the infants screamed continuously. Newborns in the untreated placebo group exhibited homogeneous responses that consisted of sustained elevation of heart rate and high pitched cry throughout the [[circumcision]] and following. Two newborns in the placebo group became ill following circumcision (choking and apnea). One experienced projectile vomiting.<ref name="lander1997" />
[[EMLA]] was the least effective pain control. [[Dorsal penile nerve block ]] (DPNB) was more effective, and [[ring block ]] was the most effective. The authors reported "[w]ithout exception, newborns in this study who did not receive an analgesic suffered great distress during and following the circumcision, and they were exposed to unnecessary risk (from choking or apnea)." The authors were so alarmed that they terminated the no anesthesia arm of the study early.<ref name="lander1997" />
None of the analgesic measures tested provided total pain relief.<ref name="bellieni2013">{{REFjournal
|last=Bellieni