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}}</ref> Urine is not considered to be a sterile liquid.

Urine contains a microbiome with normal low levels of bacteria with up to 33 types found, so it is not considered to be a sterile liquid.<ref>{{REFnews |title=Urine is not sterile, and neither is the rest of you |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/gory-details/urine-not-sterile-and-neither-rest-you |last=Engelhaupt |first=Erxka |init= |author-link= |last2= |init2= |author2-link= |publisher=ScienceNews |date=2014-05-22 |accessdate=2024-04-04 |format= |quote=}}</ref> Diabetic males may have sugar in their urine. The sugar makes yeast [[balanitis]] more likely. Urine may be used to flush out the [[preputial sac]] when the [[foreskin]] does not retract. Some [[foreskinned ]] men worry about having urine inside the [[foreskin]], however their concern is misplaced. The epithelium of the tissue inside the [[preputial sac]] is [[mucosa]], which designed by nature to tolerate a moist environment. Urine inside an infant's diaper (nappy) may become ammonia. If the infant is a [[circumcised]] boy, who has been deprived of the protection of his [[foreskin]], then the ammonia may attack the [[meatus]] and cause [[meatitis]] or worse, [[meatal stenosis]], which requires a second operation to open the [[urethra]].