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* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.academia.edu/19713609/Breastfeeding_Interference_from_Circumcision
|title=Breastfeeding Interference from Circumcision
|last=Bollinger
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Intact America]]
|date=2015-12-17
|accessdate=2024-08-23
→Circumcision impairs commencement of breastfeeding: Add text and citation.
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] reported that, as compared with formula feeding, breastfeeding reduces [[SIDS|sudden infant death syndrome]] (SIDS), infant and neonatal mortality, lower respiratory tract infection, severe or persistent diarrhea, otitis media, asthma, eczema, Crohn's disease, colitis, childhood and adult obesity, diabetes, and leukemia.<ref name="aap2022" />
In infancy, simple sugars in breast milk, like antibacterial oligosaccharides, are acquired from the mother's milk and excreted in [[urine]]. University studies have shown that these substances cling to the [[mucosa]]l lining of the inner foreskin and protect against urinary tract infections,<ref>{{REFbook |last=Hanson |init=LA, |last2=Karlsson |init2=B, |last3=Jalil |init3=F, et al. |etal=yes |chapter=Antiviral and antibacterial factors in human milk. In: |editor=Hanson LA, ed. '' |title=Biology of Human Milk''. |location=New York |publisher=Raven Press; |year=1988. pp. |pages=141-57}}</ref> as well as [[infection]] in other parts of the body.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Coppa |init=GV, |last2=Gabrielli |init2=O, |last3=Giorgi |init3=P, |last4=Catassi |init4=C, |last5=Montanari |init5=MP, |last6=Veraldo |init6=PE, |last7=Nichols |init7=BL. |title=Preliminary study of breast feeding and bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1990 Mar -03-10; |volume=335( |issue=8689): |pages=569-71.}}</ref> Babies excrete in their [[urine]] about 300-500 milligrams of oligosaccharides each day. These compounds prevent virulent strains of ''Escherichia coli'' from adhering to the [[mucosa]] lining of the entire urinary tract, including the [[foreskin]] and [[glans]]. For these reasons breast-milk is highly efficacious at preventing [[UTI]].<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Gothefors |init=L, |last2=Olling |init2=S, |last3=Winberg |init3=J. |title=Breastfeeding and biological properties of faecal ''E. coli'' strains. '' |journal=Acta Paediatr Scand'' |date=1975 Nov;-11 |volume=54( |issue=6): |pages=807-12.}}</ref> Rigorous studies have repeatedly demonstrated that breast feeding protects against urinary tract infections.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Mårild |init=S. |title=Breastfeeding and Urinary tract Infections. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1990; |volume=336: |page=942.}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Pisacane |init=A, et al. |etal=yes |title=Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. ''The |journal=Lancet'', July 7, |date=1990, p50 -07-07 |page=50}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Pisacane |init=A, |last2=Graziano |init2=L, |last3=Mazzarella |init3=G, et al. |etal=yes |title=Breast-feeding and urinary tract infection. '' |journal=J Pediatr'' |date=1992; |volume=120: |pages=87-89.}}</ref>
== Contraindications to breastfeeding ==
|DOI=10.1542/peds.108.3.793
|accessdate=2022-12-08
}}</ref> [[Circumcised]] boys will be very uncomfortable and fussy when compared with [[intact]] boys and girls.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://thewholetruth.data.blog/2025/06/25/fussy-boys-calm-girls-how-circumcision-distorts-our-view-of-gender-behavior/
|title=Fussy Boys & Calm Girls: How Circumcision Distorts Our View of Gender Behavior
|last=Barrett
|first=
|init=JL
|author-link=
|publisher=The Whole Truth
|date=2025-06-25
|accessdate=2025-06-26
}}</ref> The newborn infant boy is left in a debilitated state in which he may be unable to initiate breastfeeding,<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Lee
|date=1994-09
|accessdate=2022-12-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/birth/
|title=Effects of circumcision on breastfeeding, maternal bonding, and child development
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library
|date=2013
|accessdate=2025-04-26
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.academia.edu/19713609/Breastfeeding_Interference_from_Circumcision
|title=Breastfeeding Interference from Circumcision
|last=Bollinger
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Intact America]]
|date=2015-12-17
|accessdate=2024-08-23
}}
* {{REFweb
|date=
|accessdate=2022-12-11
}}
* {{REFweb