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"Male '''circumcision''' (from Latin ''circumcidere'', meaning "to cut around") is the surgical removal or [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] (prepuce), a major part of the human [[penis]]. Circumcision amputates ''more than fifty percent'' of the epithelium of the [[penis]].<ref name="taylor1996">{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref> When the "cutting around" is performed, the foreskin falls off, so [[amputation]] and [[mutilation]] is the result, leaving the delicate and sensitive mucosa of the [[glans penis]] exposed and unprotected against [[trauma]] and [[infection]]. The amputation destroys the [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| many protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory physiological functions]] of the foreskin, so it is a very harmful and [[Pain| painful]] surgery.<ref name="garrett2023-11-10">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/pros-and-cons-of-circumcision/
|accessdate=2024-06-02
}}</ref>
Circumcision of boys in the [[United States]] hit its high point in 1965 and has been slowly declining in popularity ever since. Less than 1/2 of the newborn boys in the United States were [[circumcised]] in 2022. Yang et al. (2025) reported the rate of decline in the incidence of infant circumcision in their study period was 5/10s of one percent per year.<ref name="yang2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Yang
|first=
|init=P
|author-link=
|last2=Zhu
|first2=
|init2=X
|author2-link=
|last3=Patel
|first3=
|init3=EU
|author3-link=
|last4=Quin
|first4=
|init4=PC
|author4-link=
|last5=Grabowski
|first5=
|init5=MK
|author5-link=
|last6=Tobian
|first6=
|init6=AAR
|author6-link=Aaron Tobian
|etal=no
|title=Trends in Circumcision Among Newborn Males in the US
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=JAMA Pediatrics
|location=
|date=2025-10-02
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=e252464
|page=
|pages=
|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2838312
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=40952753
|pubmedCID=12439174
|DOI=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.2464
|accessdate=2025-09-17
}}</ref> That long-term declining trend is believed to have continued.
'''Posthectomy''' is the more accurate medical term that more accurately reflects the injury and loss of functional body tissue, but the Biblical [[euphemism]], ''circumcision'', is more commonly used.
}}</ref>
== Tipping point ==
[[Intact America]] (2024) points out the need for reform in the American media false portrayal of infant circumcision as a benign procedure.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/truth-about-circumcision-media/
|first6Emilie K.
|init6=
|author6-link= |etal=no |title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016 |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Urol |location= |date=2021-01 |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=257-63 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |pubmedID=32716676 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |accessdate=2025-10-02}}</ref> Yang et al. (2025) report a"significant" decline in the incidence of circumcision over a ten-year period and that only a minority of American boys are being [[circumcised]] in the newborn period. <ref name="yang2025" /> Although the incidence of [[circumcision of the newborn]] has been gradually declining for decades, this is the first study to report an overall incidence of less than fifty percent. Based on this new information, we can now report that [[intactness]] is now the NORM among the newborn boys of America. We note that [[Australia]] reported a significant improvement in child health when the incidence of circumcision declined in that nation.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children-in-brief/summary |title=Australia’s children: in brief |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |pubmedID= ISBN=978-1-76054-659-5 |DOI=10.25816/5e152818d082c |date=2019-12-17 |accessdate=2025-09-17}}</ref>{{SEEALSO}}* [[Fusions and adhesions]]* [[Neurotomy]]{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/NewBorn/comments/u9c5og/questions_for_baby_boi_do_you_circumcised_your/ |title=Questions for baby boi do you circumcised your baby or leave it? |last=Anonymous |publisher=REDDIT |date=2021 |accessdate=2025-11-22}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/self/comments/ljwpfe/why_i_hate_being_circumcised/ |title=Why I hate being circumcised |last=Anonymous |first= |init= |author-link= |publisher=REDDIT |date=2020 |accessdate=2025-11-01}}{{REF}} [[Category:Body modification]][[Category:Circumcision]][[Category:Education]][[Category:Foreskin anatomy]][[Category:Parental information]]