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'''Adolescent and adult circumcision''' is rare when compared to the millions upon millions of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys that are carried out in Islamic nations, Israel, the United States, and elsewhere.
==Reasons for circumcision==
All circumcisions are injurious because they amputate a [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ multi-functional body part], but in some cases the benefit obtained by removing a deformed, diseased, or damaged foreskin may be of more value than the lost [[foreskin]].
* Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision is the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the foreskin and its many useful functions.
* Diseased foreskins — Diseases for which circumcision may be indicated include malignant tumor, lichen sclerosis, recurrent yeast infection in diabetic males,<ref name="verma2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Verma
|first=Shyam B.
|author-link=
|last2=Molina
|first2=Uwe
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Looking through the cracks of diabetic candidal balanoposthitis!
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Int J Gen Med
|location=
|date=2011-07-07
|volume=4
|issue=
|pages=511-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150172/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=21845057
|pubmedCID=3150172
|DOI=10.2147/IJGM.S17875
|accessdate=2020-12-19
}}</ref> and recurrent balanoposthitis.
* Damaged foreskins — This is includes any type of physical trauma and injury which is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury usually does not require circumcision.
Some adult males may seek non-therapeutic circumcision because of a conversion to Judaism or Islam. Others may simply want a circumcision because they like the physical appearance, to fit into a society where most men are circumcised, or for some personal whim.
==Methods of adult circumcision==
== Rite of passage ==
Traditional [[Circumcision]] and Initiation into Manhood (ulwaluko) is an ancient initiation ritual practiced by the amaXhosa of the Eastern Cape. The ritual is traditionally intended as a teaching institution to prepare boys for the responsibilities of manhood. The principles that lie at the very core of the ritual are respect for self (including self control and integrity), respect for family (not to bring shame to them), and respect for community (to protect them from harm).
Every single initiation season the media writes about complications accompanying the ritual of Traditional [[Circumcision]] and Initiation into Manhood ''(ulwaluko)''. The magnitude of these complications is horrific, from 1995 till 2014, 919 boys have lost their lifes lives in the mountains and hills of the Eastern Cape. Many others were mutilated or even lost their manhood.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [http://www.ulwaluko.co.za/Photos.html Photos]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Circumcision]]