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[[File:Memory and Annie call on UK to lead efforts to bring end to AIDS.jpg|thumb|right|[[HIV ]] campaigners, Memory Sachikonye (left) and Lennox (right) meet with the UK's Secretary of State for International Development Andrew Mitchell in December 2011]]'''Annie Lennox''' is a Scottish singer who has lent her support to the circumcision / [[HIV ]] message since 2008. In 2010, when she appeared as a collaborator at the International AIDS Conference in Vienna, 2010. In 2011 2012 she appeared at the [[Hope Rising]] concert alongside [[Sarah McLachlan]] and [[Angélique Kidjo]]. The [[Hope Rising]] concerts were held in support of the [[Stephen Lewis Foundation]],<ref>{{REFnews
|last=
|first=
|quote=Scottish pop star Annie Lennox is set to take her powerful pipes to a Toronto benefit concert for the Stephen Lewis Foundation.
|accessdate=2012-11-07
}}</ref> whose founder, [[Stephen H. Lewis]], is an avid promoter of circumcision as [[HIV ]] prevention in Africa.
{{WikipediaQuote
|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Lennox#Charity_and_political_activism
|Title=Annie Lennox - Charity and political activism
}}
<blockquote>Lennox opened the 2009 Edinburgh Festival of Politics with commentary on Pope Benedict XVI's approach to [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] prevention in Africa. She said that the Pope's denunciation of condoms on his recent tour of Africa had caused "tremendous harm" and she criticised the Roman Catholic Church for causing widespread confusion on the continent. Lennox also condemned the media's obsession with "celebrity culture" for keeping the [[AIDS]] pandemic off the front page. During her address, Lennox wore a T-shirt emblazoned with the words "[[HIV]] positive". Lennox wore similar T-shirts at the 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame concert at Madison Square Garden on 30 October 2009,<ref>{{REFweb
|title=Annie Lennox Wears 'HIV Positive' T-Shirt Onstage With Aretha (VIDEO)
|publisher=Insidetv.aol.com
|accessdate=2010-10-27
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205031451/http://insidetv.aol.com/2009/11/30/annie-lennox-wears-hiv-positive-t-shirt-onstage-with-aretha
|archived=yes
|date=2009-12-05
}}</ref> during her appearance on ''The Graham Norton Show'' on 30 November 2009 [...], during a recorded performance for ''American Idol'' during a 21 April 2010 fundraiser, entitled Idol Gives Back, and during a performance on the live Comic Relief show on 18 March 2011.
{{Citation
|Text=She is one of those exemplary human beings who chose to put her success in her chosen career to work in order to benefit others. She is a true friend of Africa and of South Africa. Her [[AIDS]] activism in general, and support for the treatment action campaign in-particular, contributed significantly to turning the pandemic around in our country.
|Source=Archbishop Desmond Tutu pays tribute to Annie Lennox in November 2013.
|ref=<ref name="Trusts">[http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/providing-soundtrack-to-our-lives-annie-lennox-feted-by-tutu-elton-adele.1383635672 "Providing soundtrack to our lives: Annie Lennox feted by Tutu, Elton, Adele"]. Sunday Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2014</ref>
}}
In June 2010, Lennox was named as a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for [[AIDS]],<ref>{{REFweb
|last=Watt
|first=Chris
|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/lennox-appointed-un-ambassador-in-fight-against-aids-1.1032473
|title=Lennox appointed UN ambassador in fight against AIDS
|publisher=The Herald
|date=2010-06-03
|accessdate=2010-10-27
}}</ref> a role that continues as of August 2013. Lennox also works with other organisations such as Oxfam, Amnesty International and the British Red Cross in regard to the issue.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Annie Lennox on How to 'Catch' Creative Ideas
|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/archive/2013/08/annie-lennox-on-how-to-catch-creative-ideas/279101/
|accessdate=2013-09-08
|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly
|date=2013-08-28
|first=Emma
|last=Green
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
==Two African surveys==
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-02
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-02
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{REF}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lennox, Annie}}
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