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}}</ref> from which he allocated funds for two randomized controlled trials to be carried out in Africa. The trials supposedly were to determine if male circumcision was an effective at preventing female to male HIV infection, but were so conducted as to prove what the researchers wanted to prove — that male circumcision prevented [[HIV]] infection. Fauci's NIAID approved of a grant (UO1 AI11171-01-02) from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and in part by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH resulted inthree [[HIV trials in Africa]]:

}}</ref> <ref name="green2008">{{REFjournal

|last2=mcAlisterMcAlister

}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Sidler |first= |init=D |author-link= |last2=Smith |first2= |init2=J |author2-link= |last3=Rode |first3= |init3=H |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Neonatal circumcision does not reduce HIV/AIDS infection rates |trans-title= |language= |journal=S Afr Med J |location= |date=2008-10 |volume=98 |issue=10 |article= |page= |pages=762-6 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/sidler2008/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-12-31}}</ref><ref name="myers2008">{{REFjournal |last=Myers |first= |init=A |author-link= |last2=Myers |first2= |init2=J |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Rolling out male circumcision as a mass HIV/AIDS intervention seems neither justified nor practicable. |trans-title= |language= |journal=S Afr Med J |location= |date=2008-10 |volume=98 |issue=10 |article= |page= |pages=781-2 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/myers2008/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="">{{REFjournal |last=Connolly |first= |init=C |author-link= |last2=Leickness |first2= |init2=LC |author2-link= |last3= Shanmugam |first3= |init3=R |author3-link= |last4=Nqeketo |first4= |init4=A |author4-link= |last5= |etal=no |title=Male circumcision and its relationship to HIV infection in South Africa: Results of a national survey in 2002 |trans-title= |language= |journal=S Afr Med J |location= |date=2008-12 |volume=98 |issue=10 |article= |page= |pages=789-94 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/connolly2008/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-12-31}}</ref> Most U.S. men and about 70% of sub-Saharan African men are circumcised—higher percentages than in most other regions or countries with lower prevalence of [[HIV]].<ref name="Green etal 2010">{{REFjournal |last=Green |init=LW |last2=Travis |init2=JW |last3=McAllister |init3=RG |author3-link=Ryan McAllister |last4=Peterson |init4=KW |last5=Vardanyan |init5=AN |last6=Craig |init6=A |title=Male circumcision and HIV prevention insufficient evidence and neglected external validity |url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Green-Circ-HIV-Prev-Insufficient-AmJPrevMed-2010.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Am J Prev Med |publisher=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}} at San Francisco, USA |date=2010-11 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=479-82 |pubmedID=20965388 |accessdate=2021-12-31}}</ref><ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Fauci has appointed circumcision enthusiast [[Thomas C. Quinn]], {{MD}}, {{MS}} as Chief, International HIV/STD Section of NIAID.

[[Max Fish |Fish]] et al. (2019) criticized [[PEPFAR]] for its racist nature.<ref name="fish2019">{{REFdocument