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wikify Robert S. Van Howe
|accessdate=2019-10-18
}}</ref>
*: The [[foreskin]] is naturally equipped with multiple defense mechanisms against infection. The [[foreskin]] in the infant and toddler has a pronounced peak with a sphincter, which is formed by a vortex of muscle tissue, and remains closed to keep foreign substances out there, but opens to allow the outflow of urine. The sub-preputial moisture contains lysozyme, a secretion that destroys harmful microorganisms. The [[foreskin]] contains Langerhans cells, provide protection against HIV infection. Fleiss, Hodges, and [[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]]<ref>{{REFjournal
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/fleiss3/
|title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce
|last3=Van Howe
|init3=RS
|author3-link=Robert S. Van Howe
|journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections
|date=1998-10