15,610
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
==Excessive washing and non-specific dermatitis==
Birley ''et al''. (1993) report excessive washing, especially with the use of soap, will dry the oils out of tissues and cause a balanitis like inflammation. The use of soap (including body wash, shower gel, and shampoo) should be avoided.<ref name="Birley1991" >{{REFjournal
|last=Birley
|first=H.D.L.
|author-link=
|last2=Wasker
|first2=M.M.
|last3=Luzzi
|first3=G.A.
|etal=yes
|title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing
|journal=Genitourin Med
|date=1993-10-01
|volume=69
|issue=5
|pages=400-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=8244363
|pubmedCID=1195128
|DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400
|accessdate=2019-10-07
}}</ref> Although it is commonly believed that the human [[foreskin]] is the source of infection so must be constantly washed to prevent infection, that is not true. Fleiss, Hodges & Van Howe (1998) report the foreskin has both protective and immunological functions that help to prevent disease.<ref name="Fleiss1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Fleiss
|first=Paul M.
|author-link=Paul M. Fleiss
|last2=Hodges
|first2=G.M.
|last3=Van Howe
|first3=R.S.
|title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce
|journal=Sex Trans Inf
|date=1998-10-01
|volume=74
|issue=5
|pages=364-7
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1758142/pdf/v074p00364.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=10195034
|pubmedCID=1758142
|DOI=10.1136/sti.74.5.364
|accessdate=2019-10-07
}}</ref> Washing removes the protective substances and leaves the [[penis]] prone to infection, so washing should be limited and soap should not be used.
Balanoposthitis is ''not'' an indication for circumcision.
==Diabetic males==
Diabetic males who have high sugar in their urine may have recurrent yeast infections. Better control of sugar levels is indicated. Recurrent yeast infections that are not responsive to better management of diabetes may be relieved by [[circumcision]].
Relocate Childhood section
Diagnosis requires an accurate history, and such tests as biopsy and a swab with a culture.<ref name="edwards1996" /> In the absence of a diagnosis, any prescription for treatment is a guess and is likely to fail.
==Childhood==
|accessdate=2019-10-09
}}</ref> which suggests a protective effect for the foreskin.
==Excessive washing and non-specific dermatitis==
Birley ''et al''. (1993) report excessive washing, especially with the use of soap, will dry the oils out of tissues and cause a balanitis like inflammation. The use of soap (including body wash, shower gel, and shampoo) should be avoided.<ref name="Birley1991" >{{REFjournal
|last=Birley
|first=H.D.L.
|author-link=
|last2=Wasker
|first2=M.M.
|last3=Luzzi
|first3=G.A.
|etal=yes
|title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing
|journal=Genitourin Med
|date=1993-10-01
|volume=69
|issue=5
|pages=400-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/pdf/genitmed00029-0074.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=8244363
|pubmedCID=1195128
|DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400
|accessdate=2019-10-07
}}</ref> Although it is commonly believed that the human [[foreskin]] is the source of infection so must be constantly washed to prevent infection, that is not true. Fleiss, Hodges & Van Howe (1998) report the foreskin has both protective and immunological functions that help to prevent disease.<ref name="Fleiss1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Fleiss
|first=Paul M.
|author-link=Paul M. Fleiss
|last2=Hodges
|first2=G.M.
|last3=Van Howe
|first3=R.S.
|title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce
|journal=Sex Trans Inf
|date=1998-10-01
|volume=74
|issue=5
|pages=364-7
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1758142/pdf/v074p00364.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=10195034
|pubmedCID=1758142
|DOI=10.1136/sti.74.5.364
|accessdate=2019-10-07
}}</ref> Washing removes the protective substances and leaves the [[penis]] prone to infection, so washing should be limited and soap should not be used.
Balanoposthitis is ''not'' an indication for circumcision.
==Diabetic males==
Diabetic males who have high sugar in their urine may have recurrent yeast infections. Better control of sugar levels is indicated. Recurrent yeast infections that are not responsive to better management of diabetes may be relieved by [[circumcision]].
{{LINKS}}