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== What the AAP says ==
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP) issued its last position statement on male circumcision in 2012. That statement has received unrelenting critical comment since its publication. Under AAP policy, every statement expires after five years unless re-affirmed. The circumcision statement has not been affirmed, so it has expired. At the present time (2020) the AAP has no policy statement on circumcision.
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wikify medical indication
[[File:Bleeding finger.jpg|thumb|A bleeding wound in the finger]]'''Bleeding''' and hemorrhage is an [[haemorrhage]] are ever-present risk risks of every surgery.
[[Circumcision]] is amputative surgery that severs blood vessels, including the frenular artery, so there is always risk of bleeding and hemorrhage from circumcision.<ref name="hiss2000krill2011">{{REFjournal |last=HissKrill |first=Aaron J. |init=
|author-link=
|last2=HorowitzPalmer |first2=ALane S. |init2=
|author2-link=
|last3=KahamaPalmer |first3=TJeffrey S. |init3=
|author3-link=
|etal=no |title=Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual Complications of circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= ScientificWorldJournal
|location=
|date=2011-12-26
|volume=11
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=2458-68
|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2011/373829/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=22235177
|pubmedCID=3253617
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1100/2011/373829
|accessdate=2022-01-28
}}</ref><ref name="hiss2000">{{REFjournal
|last=Hiss
|init=J
|last2=Horowitz
|init2=A
|last3=Kahama
|init3=T
|title=Fatal haemorrhage following male ritual circumcision
|journal=J Clin Forensic Med
|date=2000
|volume=7
|pages=32-4
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/death/hiss1/
|DOI=10.1054/jcfm.1999.0340
|accessdate=2019-01-16
}}</ref>
It is not traditional to test baby boys for their blood clotting ability prior to the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]]. In ancient times, another measure was taken to "protect" e.g. Jewish infants who did not have blood clotting abilities: The fact that circumcision on Jewish infants regularly led to deaths is shown by the fact that the Talmud of Babylon, Yebamoth 64b,<ref>[http://www.come-and-hear.com/yebamoth/yebamoth_64.html Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Yebamoth]</ref> provides for when the first two (or three) sons have died after circumcision, subsequent sons no longer need to be circumcised. The vast majority of circumcisions performed in the United States are medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcisions performed on newborn infants in which there is no [[medical indication ]] or disease of any kind present. Such circumcisions expose the infant boy to all surgical risks without any compensating health benefit.
Newborn infants, which weigh only a few pounds, have very little blood in their tiny bodies. Loss of only a slight amount of blood can and does cause exsangination and ''hypovolemic [[shock]]''.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypovolemic+shock
|title=Hypovolemic shock
|publisher=Farlex
|website=The Free Dictionary
|accessdate=2020-01-16
}}</ref> Losing over 2.4 ounces of blood may cause [[death]].
== [[UNAIDS]] ==
"[S]ome of the serious complications that can occur during the procedure include [[death ]] from excess bleeding and [[amputation ]] of the [[glans penis]]. Postoperative complications include the formation of [[skin bridges ]] between the shaft and the glans, infection, urinary retention (this has caused deaths), meatal ulcer, impetigo, fistulas, loss of penile sensitivity, sexual dysfunction and oedema of the glans." They also acknowledge that the frequency of complications is "underestimated because events occuring occurring after the discharge are not captured [in the discharge sheet]" and sometimes are treated at a different hospital.<ref>{{REFweb | quote= | url=http://www.malecircumcision.org/research/documents/Neonatal_child_MC_global_review.pdf | title=Neonatal and child male circumcision: a global review | last=Weiss | first=Helen | publisherauthor-link=UNAIDSHelen Weiss | workpublisher=[[UNAIDS]] | date=2010 | accessdate=2012-11-23}}</ref>
== [[NOHARMM]] ==
An estimated number of complications is calculated in [http://www.noharmm.org/incidenceworld.htm this page].
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Blood loss danger to infants]]* [[Risks and complicationsComplication]]
* [[Death]]
* [[Fatalities]]
* [[Penile haematoma]]* [[Risks and complications]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/death-exsang.html
|title=JUDGEMENT OF INQUIRY INTO THE DEATH OF McWILLISJudgement of Inquiry into the death of McWillis, RYLEIGH ROMAN BRYAN |trans-title= |language=Ryleigh Roman Bryan
|last=Newell
|first=Chico
|publisher=Office of the Chief Coroner, Province of British Columbia
|website=Cirumstitions
|date=2004-01-19
|accessdate=2020-01-15
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.drmomma.org/2010/05/death-from-circumcision.html
|title=Death from Circumcision
|publisher=Dr. Momma
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2021-07-21
}}
*{{REFweb
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/complications/#anchor-02
|archived=
|title=Bleeding
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
|website=
|date=2016
|accessdate=2022-01-15
|format=
|quote=
{{REF}}
[[Category:Parental information]][[Category:Circumcision risksrisk]][[Category:Risks and complicationsCircumcision complication]]
[[Category:From Intactipedia]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[de:Blutung]]