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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' by Dr. [[Arif Bhimji]].==Video==<br>
<youtube>uoBAl7pxDe8</youtube>
<br>
It is becoming more and more apparent that routine circumcision of boys raises the same basic [[human rights]] issues as [[FGM - a ritual of agony| FGM]]. Two of our leading medical ethicists, Dr. Eike-Henner Kluge and Dr. [[Margaret A. Somerville|Margaret Somerville]], have warned that infant male [[circumcision]] presents serious ethical and legal difficulties. Dr. Kluge, a former Director of Ethics and Legal Affairs at the [https://www.cma.ca/ Canadian Medical Association], has characterized infant male circumcision as "non-consensual mutilation of a minor." Dr. [[Margaret A. Somerville|Somerville]], Founding Director of the [https://www.mcgill.ca/study/2010-2011/faculties/law/information/law_centre_for_medicine_ethics_and_law McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law], has likened infant male circumcision to criminal assault.
}}</ref> Paediatric organizations in other countries, including the United States, have come to similar conclusions.
The [[foreskin]] is an integral, normal part of the external genitals. It forms the anatomical covering of the [[glans penis]] and [[clitoris]]. One recent medical study concluded that the inner surface of the male foreskin may be "an important component of the overall sensory mechanism of the human penis"<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Taylor |init=JR |author-link=John R. Taylor |etal=yes |title=The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision |journal=British Journal of Urology |date=TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996 |volume=77 |pages=291-295}}</ref>. It is clear that removing such anatomy from a healthy child raises important [[human rights ]] issues.
Relative degree of harm is not an appropriate criterion for distinguishing male circumcision from FGM. The milder forms of FGM are no more severe than male circumcision. In some traditions, female circumcision involves removing only the clitoral hood, while in other traditions, female circumcision involves nicking the genitals without removing any tissue whatsoever. Canadian law prohibits all forms of FGM, regardless of severity. If the milder forms of FGM cannot be excused on the grounds that they are less severe than male circumcision, then male circumcision cannot be excused on the grounds that it is less severe than the more extreme forms of FGM.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Canada]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFjournal
|accessdate=2019-11-07
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* {{ChesslerAJ 1997}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.nocirc.org/publish/10pam.pdf
|quote=
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{{REF}}
[[Category:Film]]
[[Category:Film about circumcision and intactivism]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
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